辽宁营口滨海地区海水入侵特征研究

本文通过18个观测井内主要9种离子浓度,对辽东湾东部营口沿岸海水入侵的分布特征进行了分析,根据海水入侵区地下水中主要离子浓度与地下水的相关关系,总结了随着海水入侵的发展地下水化学类型的变化,地下水化学类型分为3大类型。①Na+—Cl-型:沿海岸呈条带状分布;②Cl-·HCO3-或HCO3-·Cl-型:分布于前者之上的陆域,从北至南连续带状分布,北部较宽,中部较窄;③HCO3-型(阳离子为Na+·Ca2+):分布于远离海岸的陆域松散沉积层中,北部为大面积成片分布,南部缺失。该区地下水水化学类型呈带状分布,类型变化规律明显,反映了海水入侵分布特征,当淡水开采时,水位降深越大,微咸水入侵强度越大,控制淡水开采是防止微咸水入侵的主要措施。     

海岸带含水层咸淡水界面随潮汐波动的数值模拟

在分析、研究了滨海地带含水层和不透水层的水文地质特性及含水层内的咸淡水渗流运动特征的基础上,运用数学推理的手法,建立了一种较为简单适用的模拟海岸带含水层咸淡水界面和天然地下水面变动规律的二维数学模型,通过该模型的计算值与实验值的比较,证明该模型的计算结果与实验结果有着非常好的拟合度,即该模型能较客观地揭示海水入侵引起的咸淡水界面的变化规律.其后,运用该模型系统的探讨了含水层以下为非平坦的不透水层的滨海地带天然地下水面、咸淡水界面伴随着潮汐的波动而变化的规律.即伴随着潮汐的波动,一方面天然地下水面和咸淡水界面与潮汐具有相似的振动波形,波动的幅度随离海岸距离的增加而减小.在海岸附近咸淡水界面的振幅大于天然地下水面的振幅,而在离开海岸一定距离后天然地下水面的振幅超过咸淡水界面的振幅.总体上天然地下水面的振幅呈负指数衰减,而咸淡水界面的振幅几乎呈直线衰减(其衰减直线的倾角在135～150 °之间变动),且潮汐波动对天然地下水面影响的范围远大于其对咸淡水界面的影响;另一方面天然地下水面和咸淡水界面波动的振幅及它们之间的相位差的大小还与天然地下水面的水力坡度、含水层的渗透系数、有效孔隙率、不透水层形状及其变动的幅度有关,但它们之间的相位差的大小与潮汐波动的幅度无关,其振幅与潮汐的振幅成比例增减.当不透水层的形状一定时,不论天然地下水面的水力坡度、含水层的渗透系数、有效孔隙率及潮汐波动的幅度怎么变动,天然地下水面、咸淡水界面振动的相位差的变化趋势及其峰值出现的位置几乎不变,即不透水层的形状决定着天然地下水面、咸淡水界面振动的相位差的变化趋势,而其大小与含水层的水文地质参数(水力坡度、渗透系数及有效孔隙率)密切相关.此外,当天然地下水面和咸淡水界面的振动存在相位和振幅的较大差异时,可以断定含水层以下存在非平坦的不透水层,且这种差异越大,不透水层凸凹不平的程度越高.     

濒临消失的物种:中华田园犬

它们是狼的后代,有着悠久的历史,它们曾经是人类的亲密伴侣,但现在却面临消亡的命运。     

地下水环境安全不容忽视

地下水是水资源的重要组成部分,由于水量稳定、水质好,一直是人类的重要水源之一。进入工业社会,随着人口的增长、工农业的发展和科技的进步,对于水资源的需求不断增加,地下水的开采量和开采深度也进一步加大,洁净而丰富的地下水资源为农业灌溉、工矿生产和城市生活源源不断地注入着活力。数据显示,目前我国地下     

Effects of Cu（Ⅱ） and humic acid on atrazine photodegradation

This work was designed to explore the characteristics of photodegradation of herbicides in the copper-polluted water body. The results showed that Cu(II) alone could induce a photo Fenton-like reaction to enhance the degradation of atrazine, in which hydroxyl radical ( OH) was a main active species. Humic acids restrained atrazine degradation, nevertheless, when introducing Cu(II), the photodegradation was accelerated, in which singlet oxygen (1O2) replaced OH acting as the prevailing species. A feasible mechanism for the photochemical process was also proposed, which is helpful for better understanding the environmental photochemistry of atrazine in the copper-polluted water.     

Nitrogen cycle of a typical Suaeda salsa marsh ecosystem in the Yellow River estuary

The nitrogen (N) biological cycle of the Suaeda salsa marsh ecosystem in the Yellow River estuary was studied during 2008 to 2009. Results showed that soil N had significant seasonal fluctuations and vertical distribution. The N/P ratio (15.73±1.77) of S. salsa was less than 16, indicating that plant growth was limited by both N and P. The N absorption coefficient of S. salsa was very low (0.007), while the N utilization and cycle coefficients were high (0.824 and 0.331, respectively). The N turnover among compartments of S. salsa marsh showed that N uptake from aboveground parts and roots were 2.539 and 0.622 g/m2, respectively. The N translocation from aboveground parts to roots and from roots to soil were 2.042 and 0.076 g/m2, respectively. The N translocation from aboveground living bodies to litter was 0.497 g/m2, the annual N return from litter to soil was far less than 0.368 g/m2, and the net N mineralization in topsoil during the growing season was 0.033 g/m2. N was an important limiting factor in S. salsa marsh, and the ecosystem was classified as unstable and vulnerable. S. salsa was seemingly well adapted to the low-nutrient status and vulnerable habitat, and the nutrient enrichment due to N import from the Yellow River estuary would be a potential threat to the S. salsa marsh. Excessive nutrient loading might favor invasive species and induce severe long-term degradation of the ecosystem if human intervention measures were not taken. The N quantitative relationships determined in our study might provide a scientific basis for the establishment of effective measures.     

福禄吉祥与生物安全

再过十来天就是春节了!受几千年传统文化的影响,中国人过年总爱与吉祥、如意和福禄之类的祝福挂钩。文玩市场应该说是许多人在春节前乃至春节期间十分乐意光顾的地方。但最近有媒体报道说,在北京的文玩市场,一直以来很受顾客青睐的手捻儿葫芦(寓意福禄)几乎全是美国品种。     

保护海洋:你能做些什么?

地球表面的2/3为海洋所覆盖,我们生存所需的氧70%由海洋提供,面对气候变化及其他威胁,我们该如何去保护海洋呢?做下面的测试去找找答案吧。1、珊瑚白化是指:A.专业的潜水员为游客清洗和漂白珊瑚礁。B.珊瑚虫排出藻类致使珊瑚礁变白的过程。C.年深日久珊瑚会掉     

读《生命的未来》

多年前,他在位于落基山脉亚高山地带的露营场采访时,看到路边的标牌上写着:"请把花留给别人欣赏。"后来这块木牌的标志被腐蚀,一片一片地剥落,于是新的标志代替了这些旧的标志,上面写着:"让花儿继续活下去。"——《生命的未来》尽管和梭罗(Henry DavidThoreau,1817-1862)相隔112岁之遥,声名卓著的生物学家爱德华·威尔逊(Edward Osborne Wilson,1929-)博士还是坚持给业已作古的梭罗写了一封永远无法寄达的长信,放在其2002年出版的著作《生命的未来》(The Future of Life)一书的卷首,     

ENN精粹

托特尼斯最具前瞻性的生态解决之道《观察家》2011年2月6日位于英格兰西南部的托特尼斯,为我们提出了可能是世界上最具前瞻性的生态解决之道。它是城镇转型运动的先锋实践者,推行本土化设计和城镇规模的运作模式,种植粮食与提高能源效率双管齐下,气候变化和石油峰值的问题在这里迎刃而解。