齐齐哈尔市林业有害植物的现状

外来有害植物给我国的农林牧渔业带来的经济损失巨大,并严重威胁本土生物的多样性.本文介绍了齐市地区 林业有害植物的种类及分布,为有效的防控其传播和危害提供了理论依据.     

Biotic Ligand Model的简化模型及预测性能评价

通过检索4物种(Fathead minnow、D.magna、D.pulex、Rainbow trout)在地表水中实测的铜半致死浓度(Observed_LC50),及Biotic Ligand Model(BLM)预测其半致死浓度(Predicted_LC50),得到4物种的预测精度依次为0.075、0.52、0.96、0.29,模型对Fathead minnow与Rainbow trout的预测性能较差.在此基础上,分析显示预测误差值与LA50呈指数关系,表明LA50值并非常数值.通过对BLM的LA50的校正,Fathead minnow与Rainbow trout的预测精度升为0.59、0.42.通过分析LA50与硬度的关系,发现BLM在软水环境中预测效果较差.另外,随机均匀生成500组水质参数组,通过BLM预测,筛选出4项敏感参数为DOC、pH、HCO-3浓度及温度,并建立相应物种的LC50与其的多元线性关系,大大简化了生物配位模型.     

GeoChip-based analysis of the microbial community functional structures in simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification process

The elemental sulfur （S^0） recover）, was evaluated in the presence of hi,ate in two development models of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （SDD） process. At the loading rates of 0.9 kg S/（m^3.day） for sulfide and 0.4 kg N/（m^3.day） for nitrate, SO conversion rate was 91.1% in denitrifying sulfide removal （DSR） model which was higher than in integrated simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （ISDD） model （25.6%）. A comprehensive analysis of functional diversity, structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities was examined in two models by using functional gene array （GeoChip 2.0）. GeoChip data indicated that diversity indices, community structure, and abundance of functional genes were distinct between two models. Diversity indices （Simpson＇s diversity index （1/D） and Shannon-Weaver index （H′）） of all detected genes showed that with elevated infiuent loading rate, the functional diversity decreased in ISDD model but increased in DSR model. In contrast to ISDD model, the overall abundance of dsr genes was lower in DSR model, while some functional genes targeting from nitrate-reducing sulfide-oxidizingbacteria {NR-SOB）, such as Thiobacillus denitrficans, Sulfurimonas denitrificans, and Paracoccus pantotrophus were more abundant in DSR model which were highly associated with the change of SO conversion rate obtained in two models. The results obtained in this study provide additional insights into the microbial metabolic mechanisms involved in ISDD and DSR models, which in turn will improve the overall performance of SDD process.     

A comparison on the phytoremediation ability of triazophos by different macrophytes

The strategy of choosing suitable plants should receive great performance in phytoremediation of surface water polluted by triazophos(O,O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP), which is an organophosphorus pesticide widespread applied for agriculture in China and moderately toxic to higher animal and fish. The tolerance, uptake, transformation and removal of TAP by twelve species of macrophytes were examined in a hydroponic system and a comprehensive score(CS) of five parameters(relative growth rate(RGR), biomass, root/shoot ratio, removal capacity(RC), and bio-concentration factor(BCF)) by factor analysis was employed to screen the potential macrophyte species for TAP phytoremediation. The results showed that Thalia dealbata, Cyperus alternifolius, Canna indica and Acorus calamus had higher RGR values, indicating these four species having stronger growth capacity under TAP stress. The higher RC loading in Iris pseudacorus and Cyperus rotundus were 42.11 and 24.63 μg/(g fw·day), respectively. The highest values of BCF occurred in A. calamus(1.17), and TF occurred in Eichhornia crassipes(2.14). Biomass and root/shoot ratio of plant showed significant positive correlation with first-order kinetic constant of TAP removal in the hydroponic system, indicating that plant biomass and root system play important roles in remediation of TAP. Five plant species including C. alternifolius, A. calamus, T. dealbata, C. indica and Typha orientalis, which owned higher CS, would be potential species for TAP phytoremediation of contaminated water bodies.     

气候变化对海洋生物资源的影响及其应对之策

正全球气候变化已经成为全世界关注环境问题的焦点,海洋生物资源的保护也越来越受到人们的重视。然而,近年来,由于全球气候变化的加剧,无论是全球变暖所引起的海平面上升、海洋酸化、海洋生物大批量的生病和死亡、海洋外来物种入侵、物种遗传多样性降低,还是自然灾害的日益频繁发生,都对世界渔业资源产生极大的影响。为此,人类迫切需要采取恰当的措施以拯救不堪负荷的世界渔业资源和应对不利的气候变化给海洋生物资源带来的负面影响。     

磁性污泥基活性炭催化臭氧氧化去除布洛芬的研究

采用浸渍法制备了不同金属掺杂的磁性污泥活性炭(MSAC),考察了掺杂金属种类、催化剂和臭氧投量对MSAC催化臭氧氧化去除布洛芬(IBP)效能的影响,并通过测定活性物种含量研究了反应机制。结果表明,锰掺杂MSAC的催化活性最高,当臭氧和催化剂投量分别为1.0 mg/L和50.0 mg/L时,IBP的去除率为86.2%,比单独臭氧氧化工艺高28.3%。当催化剂投量由50.0 mg/L增加至100.0 mg/L时,IBP的去除率仅增加了2.3%;当臭氧投量由1.0 mg/L增加至3.0 mg/L时,IBP去除率由86.2%增加至99.7%。叔丁醇的加入显著降低了IBP去除率,活性物种定量分析结果进一步证实了IBP的快速去除主要是由于羟基自由基(·OH)的作用,过氧化氢在·OH产生过程中起引发剂作用。     

舟山市臭氧污染分布特征及来源解析

臭氧及其前体物在环境空气中传输和反应过程复杂,本研究利用舟山市国控点2014年的监测数据对臭氧污染时空分布开展了统计分析,并利用CMAQ (community multiscale air quality)模型模拟了舟山市2014年臭氧污染形成,选用ISAM(integrated source apportionment method)源追踪算法计算来源贡献率.结果表明,舟山市春秋季节的臭氧浓度相对较高,浓度高值出现在午后13:00～15:00.普陀站的臭氧平均浓度最高而位于中心城区的临城站最低.臭氧总体浓度不高,但易出现单日浓度高值,其中5月臭氧超标率最高.舟山市本地臭氧形成主要受VOCs浓度控制,而源解析结果表明舟山市全年外来源占总贡献的69. 46%.本地源中,工业燃烧源、工艺过程源、道路移动源、非道路移动源的贡献率相差不大,且表现出显著的港口城市特征,船舶源、石化源、储运源分别占总贡献的4. 45%和1. 01%和1. 80%.控制臭氧污染应采取周边区域联防联控的措施,以VOCs排放源为主,不同来源协同调控的措施.     

云南省德宏州外来入侵生物调查与防控对策初探

通过实地调查和分析,初步确定了16种外来生物地理分布、传入途径,提出相应的防控对策。