国家环境咨询委员会成员简介（六）

唐孝炎，女，1932年10月出生。环境科学专家，中国工程院院士，现任北京大学环境科学系教授，并担任UNEP臭氧层损耗环境影响评估组共同主席，北京市人民政府科学顾问等。自1972年起开创了我国大气环境化学领域的系统研究和教学。30余年来，在大气环境重要领域：臭氧、光化学烟雾、酸雨，以及气溶胶化学等方面进行了全面的研究，作出了重要的贡献，是我国大气环境化学领域的学术带头人。近年来，针对我国城市和区域的大气污染的特点，在大气细颗粒物的来源、形成及对城市大气污染的作用方面有深入研究，提出了我国存在区域性大气复合污染的概念。     

环境权概念的法律思考

本文针对我国当前日益严重的环境问题,通过考察环境权的内涵及其价值取向,分析和探究环境权的基本属性及法律特征,理清有关环境权的基本概念,为我国环境立法以及环境权观念和法律意识的树立奠定理论基础.     

辽宁大,小鹿岛海域营养盐分布特征的研究

本文根据１９９２年海岛调查５７个站位资料，首次对该区硝酸盐，亚硝酸盐，磷酸盐，硅酸盐等营养盐的平面，垂直断面分布特征进行了总结，并进行了营养盐与海水化学要素ＰＨ，溶解氧，盐度等相关分析，求出它们之间的变化关系具有Ｙ＝ａ－ｂｘ的线性关系，对海水营养化程度进行了评价，为海域养殖提供科学的依据和基础资料。     

沧州炼油厂恶臭污染与防治浅析

炼油厂在生产过程中产生的废气易引起环境恶臭污染，通过对污染源进行治理，加强生产管理，杜绝无组织排放，实行有效监督是防止恶臭污染的关键。     

济南市二氧化硫污染现状及防治对策

近年来，济南市的经济快速发展，但随之而来的环境污染特别是大气污染则日益加剧。空气中总悬浮颗粒物、二氧化硫和氮氧化物等主要污染物都不同程度的超过国家规定的环境质量标准，特别是冬季二氧化硫污染相当严重。据监测，１９９７年冬季采暖期间，空气中二氧化硫的平均浓度为０－３６５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３，为非采暖期的３－６倍，若在逆温、静风等不良气候条件下，二氧化硫日均值可达１－０ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３，超过国家二级空气质量标准的５－７倍。由于受二氧化硫污染影响，冬季空气质量时有恶化。１９９７年１１月下旬连续数日出现酸雾。二氧化硫…     

露天煤矿排土场干草转移对坡面草本层重建与土壤改良研究

生态恢复是一个过程,通常以植被恢复为主。大多已采取植被恢复措施的排土场能在一定程度上改善矿区生态条件,但仍普遍存在因重树木、轻草本导致的群落结构单一、土壤三相失衡以及严重的水土流失等问题。本文以已开展生态恢复的内蒙古北电胜利半干旱典型草原区露天煤矿排土场为研究对象,拟通过干草转移实验重建坡面草本层,提高坡面生态稳定性。研究表明,干草转移可以有效改善排土场边坡生境条件,改善土壤理化性质及土壤营养条件,提高草本植物密度和生物多样性。排土场干草转移实现了边坡草本层重建及水土流失控制的双赢。     

小城镇环境保护对策探讨

本文介绍了我国小城镇的发展概况，分析了小城镇发展中存在的环境问题，为实现小城镇的可持续发展，针对废水、废气、噪声、固废污染及生态环境问题提出了环境保护对策及措施。     

广州市黄埔地区1984～1994年酸雨状况及分析

黄埔地区是广州市重要的工业区，本文以1984-1994年酸雨监测资料为依据，分析了该地区11年来的酸雨污染状况及特点，并对酸雨成因及其与大气污染的关系进行了初步探讨。     

对广州市车辆废气污染问题的思考

本针对广州近年出现的城市化异常现象和大气污染特征，分析了机动车废气污染的成因和造成大气污染的各种因素，提出了解决机动车污染和增强大气环境调节能力的对策和措施．     

Influence of new town development on the urban heat island - The case of the Bundang area

Five new towns have been developed around the Seoul metropolitan area since 1996. However, these new towns generate lots of traffic and related problems in the areas including those new towns and Seoul as a result of increases in population and a lack of ecological-self-sufficiency. Currently, construction of another new town is under deliberation, and what should be a major consider is the notion that the new town be located within a wide, green zone. Many studies have revealed that green space can play an important role in improving urban eco-meteorological capability and air quality. In order to analyze the urban heat island which will be created by the new urban development, and to investigate the local thermal environment and its negative effects caused by a change of land use type and urbanization, Landsat TM images were used for extraction of urban surface temperature according to changes of land use over the last 15 years. These data are analyzed together with digital land use and topographic information. As a study result, it was found the urban heat island of the study area from 198.5 to 1999 rapidly developed which showed a difference of mean temperature above 2.0. Before the Bundang new town construction the temperature of the residential area was the same as a forest, but during the new town construction in 1991 analysis revealed the creation of an urban heat island. The temperature of a forest whose size is over 50% of the investigation area was lowest, and thus the presence of a forest is believed to have a direct cooling effect on the urban environment and its surroundings. The mean temperature of the residential and commercial areas in the study was found to be 4.5 higher than the forest, and therefore this part of land use is believed to be the main factor causing the temperature increase of the urban heat island.