渤海富营养化现状、机制及其与赤潮的时空耦合性

通过对历年调查与监测数据的整理,从污染物源强、渤海富营养化状况、赤潮发生的时空分布三个角度,分析了渤海近岸海域富营养化的"压力—状态—响应"耦合作用机制。根据文献及调查资料研究渤海营养要素的来源及通量,指出渤海污染物主要来自于陆源输入,并且以河流携带的营养盐输入为主。在对渤海近岸海域历年营养盐含量及富营养化水平分析的基础上,结合赤潮发生的时空变化特征,就富营养化对渤海赤潮的诱导作用与耦合关系进行初步讨论。     

新安江水库水环境主要问题及保护对策

新安江水库是钱塘江的重要水源,对保障钱塘江中下游的生态安全和水体功能起着举足轻重的作用。为阐明新安江水库在流域经济发展和人类活动的影响下水环境的主要问题及保护对策,促进饮用水安全保障及构建健康水域生态系统,本文对新安江水库历年的水环境指标、浮游生物群落结构及其变化及水域生态灾变事件资料进行了综合分析。目前新安江水库存在上游来水变差、局部水域藻类异常增殖、渔业生产不合理、营养程度加重等众多问题,但其突出问题是藻类生物量增长过快。新安江水库水环境保护工作要从关注水质向维持生态系统健康转变,并尽快开展生态保育工作,控制流域污染、降低藻类数量、减少藻类异常增殖影响、科学合理渔业生产是其下一步保护的关键。而关于新安江水库的研究,虽然有一定的研究基础和资料,但对水域生态系统缺乏系统认识。研究气候变化条件下新安江水库水域生态系统的结构和功能以及长期演变规律;水利调度导致水位调整对区域水动力学条件、营养物输送过程的影响及评价水利调度对水库重要环境因子和生态系统影响;渔业养殖对水环境的影响,特别是鲢、鳙鱼大水面积养殖对水库生态系统的影响应是今后新安江水库主要的研究领域和方向。     

氯化镧改性黏土固化湖泊底泥中磷的研究

用氯化镧对14种黏土进行改性并研究了这些改性黏土固化磷的效果.研究了pH对改性高岭土磷吸附率和镧离子溶出的影响.结果表明,通过氯化镧改性,不同黏土的磷固定率由改性前的3%～14%提高到改性后的52%～95%.氯化镧改性高岭土在pH为5时,达到磷吸附率的最大值94.85%,并在pH值4～8范围内,保持较高的磷吸附率（>80%）.在pH>6.5的范围,La³⁺溶出浓度低于0.0178 mg/L.     

基于环境一号卫星多光谱影像数据的三湖一库富营养化状态评价

环境一号卫星是我国2008年自主发射的环境与灾害监测小卫星,其2d的时间分辨率使其成为环境变化监测的重要数据源.根据实测的太湖、巢湖、滇池和三峡水库的水面光谱信息以及水质参数,构建基于环境一号卫星多光谱数据的富营养化评价模型,对太湖、巢湖、滇池和三峡水库2009年水体营养状况进行了评价分析.研究结果表明:利用环境一号卫...     

水生植物对不同富营养化程度水体净化能力研究

为不同富营养化程度水体筛选出净化能力强的植物种类,文章采用模拟人工湿地系统处理人工配制污水的方法,以7d为一个采样周期,比较了5种植物(满江红、槐叶萍、四叶萍、黑藻和慈姑)在轻度、中度和重度富营养水体中TN、TP、NH4+-N去除能力.实验结果表明:5种植物处理能力随着富营养程度提高而增大.在重度富营养条件下,处理能力...     

土著微生物修复城市小型湖泊实验研究

利用生物制剂及生物修复技术对鞍山市英泽湖进行了净化治理.研究结果表明,经过8～30 d的生物净化,该湖水中的COD、植物营养元素浓度及浊度都有了大幅度的下降.其中COD降至20 mg/L以下,去除率达到70%以上;氨氮降至0.2 mg/L以下,去除率达97%;总磷降低至0.02 mg/L以下,去除率达到60%以上;浊度...     

组合生态浮床对富营养化水体水质改善效果的研究

根据生态工程中的“食物链物质循环原理”和“生物强化理论”,对传统浮床进行改进,构建了集水生植物、水生动物及微生物于一体的新型组合生态浮床,并研究较低温度条件下对富营养化水体水质的改善效果.结果表明,日平均温度4～ 14℃,7d水力停留时间下,组合生态浮床对TN,TP,NHr-N,CODMn及Chl-a的平均去除率分别可达32.64％,63.90％,73.66％,17.70％和31.76％,较传统浮床的24.11％,54.53％,47.42％,7.13％和-3.11％,均有大幅度提高,可见,组合生态浮床在富营养化水体水质改善方面可发挥重要作用.     

A restoration-promoting integrated floating bed and its experimental performance in eutrophication remediation

Numerous studies on eutrophication remediation have mainly focused on purifying water first, then restoring submerged macrophytes. A restoration-promoting integrated floating bed （RPIFB） was designed to combine the processes of water purification and macrophyte restoration simultaneously. Two outdoor experiments were conducted to evaluate the ecological functions of the RP1FB. Trial 1 was conducted to compare the eutrophication purification among floating bed, gradual-submerging bed （GSB） and RPIFB technologies. The results illustrated that RPIFB has the best purification capacity. Removal efficiencies of RPIFB for TN, TP,NH4＋-N, NO3-N, CODcr, Chlorophyll-a and turbidity were 74.45%, 98.31%, 74.71%, 88.81%, 71.42%, 90.17% and 85%, respectively. In trial 2, influences of depth of GSB and photic area in RPIFB on biota were investigated. When the depth of GSB decreased and the photic area of RPIFB grew, the height of Potamogeton crispus Linn. increased, but the biomass of Canna indica Linn. was reduced. The mortalities of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Bellamya aeruginosa in each group were all less than 7%. All results indicated that when the RPIFB was embedded into the eutrophic water, the regime shift from phytoplankton-dominated to macrophyte-dominated state could be promoted. Thus, the RPIFB is a promising remediation technology for eutrophication and submerged macrophyte restoration.     

Submerged vegetation removal promotes shift of dominant phytoplankton functional groups in a eutrophic lake

Historical data indicate that the dominance of submerged plants in Dianchi Lake in the 1960 s was characterized by low algal density with dominance of non-toxic group J（Scenedesmus,Pediastrum,etc.）. The removal of submerged plants,which began in the 1970 s,resulted in the expansion of bloom-forming Microcystis（group M）. Laboratory experiments suggested that Microcystis aeruginosa was inclined to grow and develop at elevated temperatures. The growth of Scenedesmus obliquus was slower than that of co-cultivated M. aeruginosa in the absence of Ceratophyllum demersum,especially at higher temperatures. The existence of submerged plant C. demersum could inhibit the growth of the harmful algae M. aeruginosa and this inhibitory effect by C. demersum was enhanced with an increase in temperature. Instead,with C. demersum,the growth of S. obliquus was not inhibited,but the co-cultivated M. aeruginosa was eliminated in a short time. Combined with the historical data and laboratory experiments,it was indicated that the submerged plants might play important roles in the dominance of the non-toxic group J in the historical succession. Consequently,the introduction of the submerged plant such as C. demersum might alter the dominant phytoplankton functional groups from M to J and benefit the restoration of the eutrophic lake.     

澳大利亚湖泊水环境保护与管理

<正>澳大利亚地处南半球,孤悬于太平洋与印度洋之间,四面环海,是世界上唯一一个独占一个大陆的国家。澳大利亚人口2327万,相当于欧洲的4/5。国土面积为769.2万平方公里,东西距离约4000千米,南北距离约3860千米,居世界第六位,而人口密度为世界上最低的国家,平均每平方千米仅有3人。全澳划分为六个州和两个地区。东部是山地,中部是平原,西部是高原。内陆为荒芜人烟的沙漠,干旱少雨,气温高,温差大;在沿海地区,雨量充沛,气候湿