废弃家用电器与电子产品污染防治技术政策

为了从源头控制家用电器与电子产品的刻度量，控制其在回收利用过程中产生的环境污染，国家环保总局、科技部、信息产业部、商务部联合发布了《废弃家用电器与电子产品污染防治技术政策》（环发[2006]115号），全文如下：[编者按]     

我国城市生活垃圾处理行业发展评述

文章通过对填埋、焚烧、堆肥等处理方式发展情况的分析,评价了我国城市生活垃圾处理水平,提出了重视源头管理、实现垃圾处理市场化、产业化等旨在提高我国垃圾处理水平的有效途径。     

用超滤膜分离技术从洗毛废水中回收羊毛脂

洗毛废水中含有重要的工业原料羊毛脂,不做回收处理排放到环境中就是＂三废＂,既污染了环境又浪费了资源.介绍了用超滤膜从洗毛废水中回收羊毛脂的工艺技术,经处理的洗毛废水CODcr去除率达95.5%,BOD5去除率达93.1%,有效的回收了羊毛脂,经济效益良好,符合国家环保产业政策.     

我国最大的沙尘暴源头地阿拉善的昨天与今天

阿拉善是内蒙最西部的一个盟，历史上阿拉善曾经是个水草丰美的地方，然而到了今天，因种种原因，阿拉善的生态保障体系遭到了巨大的破坏，原有的草原急剧退化，草场沙化严重……     

食品安全在德国

<正>德国人一向以严谨著称,在食品安全方面,他们也保持这一贯的认真。"民以食为天,食以安为本。"食品安全问题关乎国民身体健康和社会稳定。德国是在食品质量控制和安全保障方面做得最好的少数几个国家之一,其成功的法宝是确定了三大目标(保护消费者健康,仅允许提供质量可靠和符合安全标准的食品;保护消费者不受欺骗,严防欺诈;保护消费者知情权,提供的信息必须实事求是)和七项原则(食品链原则、企业责任原则、可追溯原则、独立而科学的风险评估原则、风险评估与风险管理分离原则、预防原则和风险沟通透明原     

污水净化装置内部流场特性分析研究

针对目前城市污水存在悬浮物和砂粒的问题,为了减少砂粒大量存在给后续单元带来的处理压力,设计了一种可实现在加药、絮凝等处理模块前,完成污水内固相悬浮物及颗粒的新型净化装置.基于计算流体动力学软件Fluent,运用混合相模型(Mixture),对新型污水净化装置内部流场特性及分离性能进行数值模拟分析.模拟结果显示新型污水净化装置内部流场分布均匀,分离性能稳定并呈现出了较好的固相去除效果,其中悬浮物的分离效率达90%以上,固相颗粒分离效率达91%.     

2株降解菲的植物内生细菌筛选及其降解特性

为了获得具有菲降解特性的植物内生细菌,通过选择性富集培养,本研究从多环芳烃污染区植物体内分离得到2株能够降解液体培养基中高浓度菲(200 mg·L-1)的植物内生细菌(菌株P1和P3).经形态观察、生理生化特征鉴定和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,分别将菌株P1和P3鉴定为寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas sp.)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)的细菌.菌株P1和P3均为好氧生长,28℃、150 r·min-1摇床培养7 d,2株菌对无机盐培养基中菲(100 mg·L-1)的降解率均高于90%.条件实验表明,温度20～30℃,pH 6.0～8.0,盐含量0%～4%,装液量10～30 mL(100 mL三角瓶)2菌株生长良好且对菲降解率高于70%.其最适生长和降解温度为30℃,pH为7.0,盐含量≤4%,装液量≤30 mL.综合比较2株菌对菲的降解特性,P1菌株高温耐受性稍强,而P3菌株对环境pH改变和缺氧的耐受性稍强.     

A pilot-scale study of cryolite precipitation from high fluoride-containing wastewater in a reaction-separation integrated reactor

Fluoride removal by traditional precipitation generates huge amounts of a water-rich sludge with low quality, which has no commercial or industrial value. The present study evaluated the feasibility of recovering fluoride as low water content cryolite from industrial fluoride-containing wastewater. A novel pilot-scale reaction-separation integrated reactor was designed. The results showed that the seed retention time in the reactor was prolonged to strengthen the induced crystallization process. The particle size of cryolite increased with increasing seed retention time, which decreased the water content. The recovery rate of cryolite was above 75% under an influent fluoride concentration of 3500 mg/L, a reaction temperature of 50℃, and an influent flow of 40 L/hr. The cryolite products that precipitated from the reactor were small in volume, large in particle size, low in water content, high in crystal purity, and recyclable.     

Biodegradation of 2-methylquinoline by Enterobacter aerogenes TJ-D isolated from activated sludge

Bacterial strain Enterobacter aerogenes TJ-D capable of utilizing 2-methylquinoline as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from acclimated activated sludge under denitrifying conditions. The ability to degrade 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was investigated under denitrifying conditions. Under optimal conditions of temperature (35℃) and initial pH 7, 2-methylquinoline of 100 mg/L was degraded within 176 hr. The degradation of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D could be well described by the Haldane model (R² > 0.91). During the degradation period of 2-methylquinoline (initial concentration 100 mg/L), nitrate was almost completely consumed (the removal efficiency was 98.5%), while nitrite remained at low concentration (< 0.62 mg/L) during the whole denitrification period. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-methylquinoline, 4-ethyl-benzenamine, N-butyl-benzenamine, N-ethyl-benzenamine and 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine were metabolites produced during the degradation. The degradation pathway of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was proposed. 2-Methylquinoline is initially hydroxylated at C-4 to form 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline, and then forms 2-methyl-4-quinolinol as a result of tautomerism. Hydrogenation of the heterocyclic ring at positions 2 and 3 produces 2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-4-quinolinol. The carbon-carbon bond at position 2 and 3 in the heterocyclic ring may cleave and form 2-ethyl-N-ethyl-benzenamine. Tautomerism may result in the formation of 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine and N-butyl-benzenamine. 4-Ethyl-benzenamine and N-ethyl-benzenamine were produced as a result of losing one ethyl group from the above molecules.     

苯酚降解红球菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

采用富集培养的方法,从唐山污水处理厂附近的植物根际土中分离得到1株高效苯酚降解菌11-111。该菌株为革兰氏阳性菌,可以在以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源的无机盐培养基上生长,能够耐受最高浓度为2 000 mg/L的苯酚。对该菌株的降解性能研究表明,在温度24~32℃,pH值6.5~8.5,装液量≤20 mL(100 mL摇瓶)范围内,摇床转速为160 r/min,菌株对初始浓度500~1 500 mg/L的苯酚均能有效降解。根据该菌株的形态、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析结果,鉴定为红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.)菌株。该菌株具有较强的环境适应能力和苯酚降解能力,有较高的研究价值及应用前景。