太湖梅梁湾和月亮湾春夏两季沉积物扰动下BAPP的转化规律

采用室内模拟试验研究了沉积物扰动下上覆水中可被生物利用颗粒态磷(BAPP)的变化规律,并分析了BAPP与悬浮物中内源磷间的内在联系.试验用沉积物分别于春季和夏季采自太湖梅梁湾和月亮湾.结果表明,沉积物扰动降低了上覆水中生物有效磷(BAP)含量,降至初始状态的40%左右.BAPP也明显降低,其占BAP的百分比稳定在50%左右,梅梁湾春季除外.扰动状态下颗粒态磷(PP)生物有效性显著降低,第12h时,BAPP占PP的百分比仅为10%左右;这与悬浮物中NH₄Cl-P和Fe/Al-P的降低明显相关,但其与 (AAP+NH₄Cl-P)占Tot-P的百分比相关性更好[r=0.565(n=48)].这暗示,沉积物扰动可能延缓了水体富营养化发展进程.     

负荷交替法快速培养好氧硝化颗粒污泥的研究

在3个SBR(R1、R2、R3)中分别培养好氧硝化颗粒污泥,R1和R2分别采用进水氮负荷交替变化和进水碳氮负荷同步交替变化这2种新的培养方式,R3采用传统的逐步提高氮负荷法.对R1、R2和R3培养得到的硝化颗粒污泥在物理性状、污染物去除效能等方面进行对比分析.结果表明,R1和R2的培养方式明显缩短了培养时间,70 d左右成功培养出完全意义上的硝化颗粒(硝化菌的活性超过异养菌的活性),而R3需147 d.采用进水碳氮负荷同步交替变化法快速培养出的颗粒外形更规则、硝化菌活性更高、脱氮性能更优,稳定运行时氨氮和总氮去除率分别为95%和70%左右,在理化性状和脱氮性能上明显优于其他2种.对比发现,在硝化颗粒污泥培养初期,适当提高进水有机负荷,能加快颗粒的形成及生长.     

黄河三角洲碱蓬湿地土壤有机碳及其组分分布特征

应用物理分组方法研究了黄河三角洲典型碱蓬湿地土壤有机碳及其组分分布特征.结果表明,研究区土壤重组有机碳是土壤有机碳的主要组成部分,土壤重组有机碳含量、土壤颗粒有机碳含量与土壤总有机碳含量都显著正相关.研究区土壤轻组组分比例和含量范围分别在0.008%～0.15%和0.10～0.40 g·kg-1,颗粒有机碳分配比例范围为8.83%～30.58%,说明黄河三角洲碱蓬湿地土壤有机碳中非保护性组分较低,碳库相对稳定.     

短程硝化颗粒污泥的快速培养与硝化特性研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为种泥,以2 min沉淀时间为选择压,在序批式反应器(SBR)中快速培养出好氧颗粒污泥。经过60个周期(20 d),反应器内出现砂粒状颗粒,并持续稳定运行120 d。成熟的颗粒污泥平均粒径856.56μm,具有良好的硝化性能。SBR反应器以固定曝气时间方式运行,亚硝酸盐积累率达80%以上,实现了稳定短程硝化。试验结果表明:絮体污泥(即接种污泥)与颗粒污泥的硝化过程相似但略有差异。二者差别在于,氨氮氧化结束后,继续曝气120 min,絮体污泥将亚硝酸盐完全转化为硝酸盐,而颗粒污泥仅将部分亚硝酸盐转化且过程比较缓慢。     

Fe2O3 particles as superior catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Fe203 particle catalysts were experimentally studied in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, [NH3]/[NO] molar ratio and residence time on SCR activity were studied. It was found that Fe203 catalysts had high activity for the SCR of NO with NH3 in a broad temperature range of 150-270℃, and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained at 180℃ when the molar ratio [NH3]/[NO] = 1, the residence time was 0.48 seconds and 02 volume fraction was 3%. In addition, the effect of SO2 on SCR catalytic activity was also investigated at the temperature of 180℃. The results showed that deactivation of the Fe2O3 particles occurred due to the presence of SO2 and the NO conversion decreased from 99.2% to 58% in 240 min, since SO2 gradually decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. In addition, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fresh and deactivated Fe2O3 catalysts. The results showed that the deactivation caused by SO2 was due to the formation of metal sulfates and ammonium sulfates on the catalyst surface during the de-NO reaction, which could cause pore plugging and result in suppression of the catalytic activity.     

Critical velocity in phosphorus exchange processes across the sediment-water interface

Sediments are ultimate sinks of nutrients in lakes that record the pollution history evolutionary processes, and anthropogenic activities of a lake. However, sediments are considered as inner sources of environmental factor changes such as the variation in hydrodynamic conditions because of the nutrients they release. How does this process happen？ This study investigates a typical nutrient phosphorus （P） exchange among sediment, suspended particle matter （SPM）, and water. Compared with numerical and experimental studies, this study confirms that the critical velocity that occurs at a lower flow rate state exists in the range of 7 to 15 crn/sec. Critical velocity below the critical flow rate promotes the migration of particulate phosphorus （PP） to the SPM. On the other hand, critical velocity above the critical flow rate promotes the release of PP in water.     

2种生物反硝化法去除地下水中硝酸盐的研究

采用砂柱装置,在实验室研究了自养微生物和异养微生物2种生物反硝化方法对地下水中硝酸盐的去除效果。自养反硝化反应在以硫作为电子供体的硫/石灰石/细沙反应柱中进行,异养反硝化反应在石灰石/细沙反应柱中进行,进水增加乙醇作为外加碳源。实验结果用以比较2种反硝化方法在硝酸盐去除率、微生物反应动力学和反应产物三者的异同。结果表明,自养反硝化反应中NO3--N去除率达95.4%,异养反硝化反应去除率可达99.3%;分别与Monod微生物0级、1/2级和1级反应动力学方程进行拟合,2种反硝化反应均符合1/2级微生物反应动力学,适合用1/2级微生物反应方程描述;在反应结束阶段,自养反硝化主要反应产物SO42-出水浓度低于250mg/L,异养反硝化副产物CH3OO-易成为二次污染源,异养反硝化的反硝化速率明显高于自养反硝化反应。     

活性炭固定耐冷菌对废水中硝基苯的降解

文章研究了颗粒活性炭固定鲍曼不动杆菌对硝基苯的降解情况。考查了活性炭对硝基苯的吸附等温线,符合Freulndlich经验公式,同时探究了其最佳投加量为5 mg/mL。较单纯微生物降解来说,在温度为15℃,pH为7,摇床转速140 r/min的条件下,生物活性炭降解浓度为200 mg/L的硝基苯所用时间大大缩短,而400 mg/L的硝基苯不能直接被菌株降解,固定化后84 h可基本完全降解,并且由于微生物作用活性炭得到再生。     

光照强度和光照周期对赤潮异弯藻生长的影响

以赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)为实验对象,在光照强度分别为3 000 lx和12 000 lx下,设置24 L∶0 D、18 L∶6 D、12 L∶12 D、6 L∶18 D和0 L∶24 D 5组不同的光照周期,测定赤潮异弯藻的生长情况。结果表明,当光照强度为3 000 lx时,赤潮异弯藻会持续9～14 d的生长,然后生长进入衰退期。当光照强度为12 000 lx时,赤潮异弯藻会持续16～20 d的生长,之后生长进入衰退期。并且,无论是光照强度为3 000 lx还是12 000 lx,当光照周期为18 L∶6 D时,都最有利于赤潮异弯藻的生长;而当光照周期为0 L∶24 D时,赤潮异弯藻几乎不生长。     

浅析苯酚对硝化颗粒污泥活性的影响

好氧颗粒污泥是一种较为特殊的生物颗粒聚集体.它是由活性污泥微生物在外界选择压下通过自行固定方式形成较为紧凑的生理结构.好氧颗粒污泥在污水处理工艺中有着很多的应用,特别对在石油化工等行业应用较为广泛的苯酚的降解有着较好的处理效果.本论文研究了苯酚对于硝化颗粒污泥活性方面的影响,简述阐明了苯酚对硝化颗粒污泥可能产生的影响.