潮汐循环影响下上覆水环境因子和氮营养盐的变化及其相关关系

潮汐循环对水体理化特征的短期影响是潮汐河口各种理化参数变化的一个重要原因。通过崇明东旺沙堤外低潮滩和东海农场低潮滩采样及环境因子分析，发现崇明东滩各环境因子之间（除浊度外）相关性较好，均呈宽 “U”型变化；东海农场各环境因子之间相关性较差，变化不一致，且盐度、电导率变化与崇明东滩变化相反；受潮汐循环影响，崇明东滩涨潮初期各形态氮有明显释放过程，而东海农场的近底层水体在涨潮初期NH4+ N急剧下降，NOX- N缓慢下降；无论是在崇明东滩还是在东海农场，营养盐浓度受环境因子的共同影响，整个潮汐循环过程中总无机氮（TIN）与盐度呈显著线性负相关，这与整个长江口近岸水体的营养盐负荷相一致，长江上游淡水带来的高负荷营养盐流经河口进入海洋。     

Dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process

The electrochemical reduction characteristics of carbon tetrachloride (CT) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry in this study. In addition, the difference in reduction mechanisms of CT between Master Builders' iron and the catalyzed Fe-Cu process was discussed. The results showed that CT was reduced directly on the surface of copper rather than by atomic hydrogen produced at the cathode in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The reduction was realized largely by atomic hydrogen in Master Builders' iron. The entire CT in 350 ml aqueous solution with 320 mgL was reduced to trichloromethane and dichloromethane in 2.25 h when 100 g of scrap iron with FeCu ratio of 10:1 (ww) were used. Moreover, the reduction rate slowed with time. CT could be reduced at acidic, neutral and alkaline pH from solution by Fe-Cu bimetallic media, but the mechanisms were di?erent. The degradation rate was not significantly in?uenced by pH in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process; in Master Builders' iron it clearly increased with decreasing pH. The kinetics of the reductions followed pseudo-first order in both cases. Furthermore, the reductions under acidic conditions proceeded faster than that under the neutral and alkaline conditions. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process was superior to Master Builders' iron in treating CT-containing water and this advantage was particularly noticeable under alkaline conditions. The reduction was investigated in the cathode (Cu) and anode (Fe) compartments respectively, the results showed that the direct reduction pathway played an important role in the reduction by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process is of practical value.     

Effect of Sb dopant amount on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol

Ti/Sb-SnO_2 anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition to examine the influence',of the amount of Sb dopant on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of the electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol.The physicochemical properties of the Sb-SnO_2 coating were markedly influenced by different amounts of Sb dopant.The electrodes,which contained 5% Sb dopant in the coating, presented a much more homogenous surface and much smaller mud-cracks,compared with Ti/Sb-SnO_2 electrodes containing 10% or 15% Sb dopant,which exibited larger mud cracks and pores on the surface.However,the main microstructure remained unchanged with the addition of the Sb dopant.No new crystal phase was observed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol on the Ti/SnO_2 electrode with 5% Sb dopant was inclined to electrochemical combustion;while for those containing more Sb dopant,intermediate species were accumulated.The electrodes with 5% Sb dopant showed the highest efficiency in the bulk electrolysis of 4-chlorophenol at a current density of 20 mA/cm~2 for 180 min;and the removal rates of 4-chlorophenol and COD were 51.0% and 48.9%,respectively.     

基于物质流和能量流分析的典型工业园区循环经济发展评价

将物质流和能量流分析方法运用在工业园区循环经济发展评价中,构建了工业园区循环经济发展评价指标,并以江阴高新技术产业开发区为研究对象,分析各产业的物质流和能量流情况,对园区循环经济进行初步评价,从而提出循环化改造有效路径.结果表明:园区能源产出率为3.02万元∕t(以标准煤当量计),水资源产出率为1257元∕m3,土地产...     

一步法处理电镀综合废水技术研究

介绍了选用Ca(OH)2、FeCl2、漂白粉等作为处理药剂,在同一处理介质内一次性处理含有Cu2 、Fe2 、Zn2 、Cr6 、CN等污染物的方法,该方法工艺简单,处理高效,成本低廉,适用于中小电镀厂对综合电镀废水的处理.     

基于水文集成模型ParFlow的黑河流域下游地下水-地表水相互作用模拟研究

地下水-地表水相互作用是水文循环过程中的重要环节,研究地下水-地表水相互作用的机理过程及其对环境变化的响应对流域生态环境和可持续发展具有重要意义.利用基于三维物理过程的开源、大规模并行模拟计算软件ParFlow求解紧密耦合的地下水和地表水偏微分方程组,建立流域水文集成模型,从而精确解译土壤水分运移的动力学机制,最终实现...     

城市污水二级生化出水中有机污染物特性表征

城市污水经过二级生化处理后的出水中仍含有种类繁多的有机污染物,目前对水中有机物的常规监测指标(如TOC,COD,BOD5等)主要针对有机物总量的监测,过于笼统.水中有机物种类及特性的不同将极大地影响着有机物在水处理系统中的处理效果和排放后的行为.因此,开展城市污水二级生化出水中各类有机污染物的特性研究,对于了解和掌握城市污水二级出水中有机物对排放水体及周边环境的影响,以及指导生化出水进行深度处理,实现废水再生和循环利用,减轻污染负荷,均具有十分重要的理论意义和实用价值.     

让不堪重负的江河湖泊休养生息

让江河湖泊休养生息,就是要实行最为严格的污染物排放总量控制制度,以水环境容量确定发展方式和发展规模;就是要尊重自然规律,充分发挥水生态系统自我修复能力,逐步改变环境恶化状况;就是要综合运用工程的、技术的、生态的方法,加大治理水环境的力度,促进水生态系统尽快步入良性循环的轨道;就是要充分运用法律、经济和必要的行政手段,既要形成严格排放、合理开发的强大压力,又要形成主动治理水环境的积极动力,用高效的办法解决长期积累的环境问题.     

水循环周期对生态床内氮形态转化过程的影响

构建复合生态床修复北方景观水体,通过控制出水循环周期,研究不同循环速率下水体氮在系统内的转换及不同转换过程之间的关系,深入分析复合基质生态床修复景观水的过程及作用机理.结果表明,当循环周期为1 h和1.5 h时,溶解氧经首次循环由7提高至11左右,并始终保持较高水平;C/N由进水时4～6提高至出水时6～10,C/N的升高说明系统中N的相对去除率高于C,循环促进了氮及有机物的去除.出水循环提高了NH⁺₄-Ｎ、NO^-₂-Ｎ及TN的去除率, 且循环速率的提高使得硝化作用进行得更加迅速和彻底,补充了氮从系统中去除的好氧反硝化途径.当循环周期为1.5 h和1 h时,NH⁺₄-Ｎ与NO^-₂-Ｎ去除过程间的相关系数值分别为0.885 3和0.968 5;NO^-₂-Ｎ与TN去除过程间的相关系数随循环速率加快而增加,最高为0.942 4.当循环速率加快,NH⁺₄-Ｎ的氧化与NO^-₂-Ｎ的氧化2个过程间的传递更加迅速, 缩短了氮在系统中的转化途径,且循环速率越快,整个转化越迅速.     

循环流化床污泥焚烧一体化工艺的研究与应用

采用焚烧技术处理污泥,并最大限度地利用污泥中的能量,可以彻底实现污泥的无害化、减量化以及资源化。在此提出一种循环流化床污泥无害化焚烧一体化技术工艺,可以实现含水率75%的污泥不添加辅助燃料,能量实现自持平衡,以350t/d污泥处理工程为例,介绍工艺的主要流程特点以及技术经济性分析。