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131.
《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2014,(1):93-93
11月19日,日本气象研究所的一份报告表明,日本气象研究所在研究美国航空航天局卫星的图片后发现,7月上旬,大量空气微粒子从日本九州岛飘至本州岛,而同时期并没有发现从中国飘来的空气微粒子,日本的这一空气污染现象与中国无关。同时,九州岛上的活火山“樱岛”运动频繁,经常喷出大量浓烟。 相似文献
132.
利用臭氧观测仪(OMI)和扫描成像大气吸收光谱仪(SCIAMACHY)传感器反演的臭氧总量数据,结合从世界臭氧与紫外线辐射数据中心(WODUC)获取的地面观测臭氧总量数据进行验证,对比2种不同卫星遥感反演的臭氧总量产品优缺点,并分析亚洲地区臭氧总量的时空特征.结果表明,OMI反演的结果比SCIAMACHY的结果更好,而且具有更高的时间和空间分辨率.臭氧总量存在明显的季节变化,在低纬度地区最大值出现在4或5月,最小值在11或12月,而在高纬度地区则分别出现在2月或3月和8月或9月.臭氧总量纬度地带性分布明显,并随着纬度增加而逐渐上升,在10°N~30°N之间,臭氧总量增长平缓,在30°N~50°N之间,臭氧总量快速增大.在青藏高原地区出现臭氧低值区,并在青藏高原东面的横断山脉向低纬度延伸,隔断了臭氧总量的纬度地带性分布.臭氧总量变化在不同纬度呈现不同的模式,距平值随纬度的增大波动随之增大.纬度最低的站点(216)臭氧总量距平值变化最小,最大只有30 DU;而纬度最高的站点(326)臭氧总量距平值变化可达180 DU以上. 相似文献
133.
Xinyan ZHANG Binbin WANG Qingqing HAN Hongmei ZHAO Dangcong PENG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(6):896-905
This paper reports the effects of shear force on anoxic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). The study was carried out in two SBRs (SBR1 and SBR2) in which sodium acetate (200mg COD·L^-1) was used as the sole substrate and sodium nitrate (40 mgNO3-N·L^-1) was employed as the electron acceptor. The preliminary objective of this study was to cultivate anoxic granules in the SBR in order to investigate the effects of shear force on the formation of anoxic granular sludge and to compare the properties of anoxic sludge in the SBR. This study reports new results for the values of average velocity gradient, a measure of the applied shear force, which was varied in the two SBRs (3.79 s^-1 and 9.76 s^-1 for SBR1 and SBR2 respectively). The important findings of this research highlight the dual effects of shear force on anoxic granules. A low shear force can produce large anoxic granules with high activity and poor settling ability, whereas higher shear forces produce smaller granules with better settling ability and lower activity. The results of this study show that the anoxic granulation is closely related to the strength of the shear force. For high shear force, this research demonstrated that: 1) granules with smaller diameters, high density and good settling ability were formed in the reactor, and 2) granular sludge formed faster than it did in the low shear force reactor (41days versus 76 days). Once a steady-state has been achieved, the nitrate and COD removal rates were found to be 98% and 80%, respectively. For low shear force, such as was applied in SBR1, this research demonstrated that: 1) the activity of anoxic granular sludge in low shear force was higher than that in high shear force, 2) higher amount of soluble microbial products (SMPs) were produced, and 3) large pores were observed inside the larger granules,which are beneficial for nitrogen gas diffusion. Electron microscopic examination of the anoxic granules in both reactors showed that the morphology of the granules was ellipsoidal with a clear outline. Coccus and rod-shaped bacteria were wrapped by filamentous bacteria on the surface of granule. 相似文献
134.
设计并开发了基于激光引导的火灾人员疏散与应急救援系统,该系统将程控激光指示与GIS技术相结合,通过探测器采集火场动态信息,针对火灾实际,生成安全迅速的疏散引导路线,解决了当前消防系统疏散标志设置混乱、易被误识别、引导效率低的缺陷,提高了现有消防引导疏散水平,对提高消防安全技术水平有较大的促进作用. 相似文献
135.
Yao NIE Shubo DENG Bin WANG Jun HUANG Gang YU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(5):675-682
Polyethylenimine (PEI)-modified chitosan was prepared and used to remove clofibric acid (CA) from aqueous solution. PEI was chemically grafted on the porous chitosan through a crosslinking reaction, and the effects of PEI concentration and reaction time in the preparation on the adsorption of clofibric acid were optimized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that PEI macromolecules were uniformly grafted on the porous chitosan, and the analysis of pore size distribution indicated that more mesopores were formed due to the crosslinking of PEI molecules in the macropores of chitosan. The PEI-modified chitosan had fast adsorption for CA within the initial 5 h, while this adsorbent exhibited an adsorption capacity of 349 mg· g^-1 for CA at pH 5.0 according to the Langmuir fitting, higher than 213 mg· g^-1 on the porous chitosan. The CA adsorption on the PEI- modified chitosan was pH-dependent, and the maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 4.0. Based on the surface charge analysis and comparison of different pharmaceu- ticals adsorption, electrostatic interaction dominated the sorption of CA on the PEI-modified chitosan. The PEI- modified chitosan has a potential application for the removal of some anionic rnicropollutants from water or wastewater. 相似文献
136.
Yang Zhang Zifu Li Ibrahim B. Mahmood 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(6):825-834
NH4^+ ion, a main pollutant in aquatic systems, not only causes eutrophication in rivers and lakes but also contributes to fish toxicity. In this study, an eco-friendly biosorbent was prepared from the pyrolysis of corn cob, a low-cost agricultural residue. The biochars produced by pyrolysis of corn cob at 400℃ and 600℃ were characterized and investigated as adsorbents for NH4+ -N from an aqueous solution. The biochars were characterized through elemental analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-N2 surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the NH4+ adsorption process of the corn cob biochars. The Freundlich isotherm model fitted the adsorption process better than the Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Moreover, the adsorption process was well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Results of thermodynamic analysis suggested that adsorption was a nonspontaneous exothermic process. Biochars produced at 400℃ had higher adsorption capacity than those produced at 600℃ because of the presence of polar functional groups with higher acidity. The exhausted biochar can be potentially used as soil conditioner, which can provide 6.37 kg NH4+-N-t^-1 (N fertilizer per ton of biochar). 相似文献
137.
正一、人体安检仪对社会安全的意义随着反恐防恐形式的日益严峻,目前人体安检为防止和震慑恐怖袭击的最重要的手段之一,然而常用的安检安检手段却无法有效检测非金属危险爆炸物、陶瓷刀具、塑料枪支、毒品等违禁品。而反散射人体安检在国外很早就开始使用了,该技术不仅能够检测出金属物品,还可以有效的检测出所携带的非金属物品,成为了打击恐怖主义活动,防范恐怖主义袭击的有效手段。 相似文献
138.
随着智能配电网的建设,FTU的调试与消缺工作逐渐增多,对配电网自动化的日常运维.带来了严重的负担,对此,研制出了1套多功能接口模拟断路器进行工作流程优化,并通过标准化和现场测试进行效果检验。检验结果表明该装置能够大幅提高FTU相关工作效率,优化.FTU相关作业流程;减少高处作业时间,保证作业人员安全;减少作业停电时间和停电范围,保证了供电可靠性。 相似文献
139.
本文拟定了一种测定马拉硫磷残留量的极谱法,在0.1mol/LNaOH基底溶液中,用单扫描示波极谱仪制作其阴极化一阶导数极谱曲线,峰电位Ep为-0.42V(vs.SCE),在0.08-0.5μg/ml范围内i'p与浓度间呈线性关系。讨论了一些常见农药及离子的干扰情况,以及影响溶出峰电流的因素。方法应用于环境水样中马拉硫磷残留量的测定。变异系数在10%以内。 相似文献
140.
硝酸及氯离子对高温硝酸铵水溶液热危险性的影响研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
国内外学者对硝酸铵的危险性进行了大量的研究,而对其水溶液的危险性至今开展不多。笔者采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)及全自动反应量热仪(RC1e)对高温状态下的硝酸铵水溶液的热分解危险性、杂质离子对其稳定性的影响进行了研究。纯硝酸铵和90%硝酸铵水溶液的DSC实验表明,90%硝酸铵溶液和分析纯硝酸铵具有相似的热爆炸危险;90%硝酸铵水溶液在140~180℃之间的RC1e试验表明:硝酸或氯离子单独存在时,对硝酸铵分解都有不同程度的抑制作用,而同时存在时则大大降低体系的热稳定性。该结果对保障硝酸铵在生产、使用过程中的安全具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献