偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯的热分解及动力学特征研究

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯(DIAD)在动态条件下的热稳定性。DSC的测试结果表明:在测试过程中只检测到一段放热信号,且随着升温速率的增加(2℃/min、4℃/min、8℃/min和10℃/min),DIAD样品放热分解的起始温度从199.3℃升至218.4℃,峰值温度从218.5℃升至246.0℃;不同升温速率条件下DIAD样品热分解的平均比放热量■为681.8 J/g。基于动态DSC测试数据,利用TSS软件模拟确定了DIAD样品的热分解反应动力学参数。模拟结果表明:DIAD样品的热分解过程遵循自催化反应机理,且拟合得到的DIAD样品热分解反应的动力学参数结果与基于等转化率微分算法计算得到的结果十分接近。基于求取的DIAD热分解动力学模型(自催化反应模型),通过热爆炸模拟对DIAD样品的热危险性进行评估,并利用TSS软件对DIAD样品的若干热危险性和热爆炸性能参数进行了预测,获取了TD_(24)、TD_8、TCL、SADT、ET和CT等参数。本研究有助于优化化学品的运输和储存条件,以尽可能地减少工业灾难。     

2,4-二硝基苯酚钠非等温DSC热分解动力学研究

首先用同步热分析仪（STA）测定了一定温度区间内2,4-二硝基酚钠的比热容,利用Origin8.0软件回归比热容随温度变化的方程式,拟合系数为0.913 6,标准偏差为0.005 9。然后分别在空气和氮气气氛下对2,4-二硝基酚钠进行了TG/DSC测试,并与单硝基酚钠（邻、间、对位）的热分解性能进行了比较。通过在氮气气氛不同升温速率下的测试,用Kissinger法得到2,4-二硝基酚钠热分解反应的表观活化能、指前因子等动力学参数。研究表明:2,4-二硝基酚钠在300℃以下具有良好的热稳定性,Kissinger法得到的2,4-二硝基酚钠表观活化能为244.8 kJ/mol,指前因子为2.5×10¹⁸s^-1。     

Mechanism of combination membrane and electro-winning process on treatment and remediation of Cu^2＋ polluted water body

Mechanism of treatment and remediation of synthetic Cu2+ polluted water body by membrane and electro-winning combination process was investigated. The influences of electrolysis voltage, pH, and electrolysis time on the metal recovery efficiencies were studied. Relationship between trans-membrane pressure drop ( P), additions ratio, initial Cu2+ concentration on operating efficiency, stability of membrane and the possibility of water reuse were also investigated. The morphology of membrane and electrodes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the composition of surface deposits was ascertained using combined energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that using low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO), Cu2+ concentration could increase from 20 to 100 mg/L or even higher in concentrated solutions and permeate water conductivity could be less than 20 μS/cm. The addition of sodium dodecy/sulfate sodium dodecyl sulfate improved Cu2+ removal efficiency, while EDTA had little side influence. In electro-reduction process, using plante electrode cell, Cu2+ concentration could be further reduced to 5 mg/L, and the average current efficiency ranged from 9% to 40%. Using 3D electrolysis treatment, Cu2+ concentration could be reduced to 0.5 mg/L with a current efficiency range 60%–70%.     

Morphological and semi-quantitative characteristics of diesel soot agglomerates emitted from commercial vehicles and a dynamometer

Diesel soot aggregates emitted from a model dynamometer and 11 on-road vehicles were segregated by a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI). The elemental contents and morphological parameters of the aggregates were then examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and combined with a fractional Brownian motion (fBm) processor. Two mode-size distributions of aggregates collected from diesel vehicles were confirmed. Mean mass concentration of 339 mg/m3 (dC/dlogdp) existed in the dominant mode (180–320 nm). A relatively high proportion of these aggregates appeared in PM1, accentuating the relevance regarding adverse health e ects. Furthermore, the fBm processor directly parameterized the SEM images of fractal like aggregates and successfully quantified surface texture to extract Hurst coe cients (H) of the aggregates. For aggregates from vehicles equipped with a universal cylinder number, the H value was independent of engine operational conditions. A small H value existed in emitted aggregates from vehicles with a large number of cylinders. This study found that aggregate fractal dimension related to H was in the range of 1.641–1.775, which is in agreement with values reported by previous TEM-based experiments. According to EDS analysis, carbon content ranged in a high level of 30%–50% by weight for diesel soot aggregates. The presence of Na and Mg elements in these sampled aggregates indicated the likelihood that some engine enhancers composed of biofuel or surfactants were commonly used in on-road vehicles in Taiwan. In particular, the morphological H combined with carbon content detection can be useful for characterizing chain-like or cluster diesel soot aggregates in the atmosphere.     

X射线微断层扫描技术(XDMT)在多孔介质中含砷聚集物的三维成像应用

利用X射线微断层差异扫描技术,扫描富砷河床沉积物及人工含砷样品,对多孔介质中的含砷聚集物进行成像分析.利用Avizo 6和Blob3D等工具对获取的数据进行处理,从而实现了含砷聚集物的三维可视化成像.结果显示,大量的含砷聚集物沉积在多孔介质颗粒表面,且不同尺寸的聚集物呈现出明显的形态多样化特征.小颗粒聚集物趋向于球形,大颗粒聚集物则趋向于扁平状.研究表明,该技术可在不破坏样品的前提下,直接观测多孔介质因沉积作用导致其内部结构的变化.     

赛默飞推出众多色谱质谱新品

2013年6月25,赛默飞世尔科技在北京召开色谱质谱新品发布会,介绍今年赛默飞推出的色谱质谱新品.质谱新品新型"三合一"系统——Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid液相色谱质谱仪(LC-MS)集成四极杆、Orbitrap和线性离子阱三种质量分析器,针对复杂生物样品具备出色的分析深度.超高场Orbitrap提供超过450,000的分辨率和高达15Hz的扫描速率.凭借三合一配置,用户将能够以更快的速     

嘉杰（JEC）

运行平稳、高精度、全天候、智能控制、超防抖、安装便捷 产品名称：高清激光重载一体化云台摄像机 产品型号：J-PT-7240 公司全称：天津市嘉杰电子有限公司 公司网址：www.jec-cctv.com 一、研发背景伴随着社会安全信息化的发展,传统的监控设备已然无法满足一些特殊场所（如：林业、海事等）安全管理的应用需求。这些场所地理位置复杂,监控重点区域分布广泛并且与监控中心距离较远。     

窄脉冲电晕放电烟气脱硫产物粒径分析的实验研究

为了便于脱硫产物的收集和应用,用沉降法采样,用电子显微镜对产物气溶胶进行粒径分析．实验在窄脉冲电晕放电装置上,模拟含硫烟气在工况条件下（气体流量２ｍ３／ｈ,反应器入口处ＳＯ２浓度２０００ｍｌ／ｍ３,ＳＯ２和ＮＨ３在通道中停留时间为５ｓ以上,温度６０℃、水蒸气体积比７．５％,相对湿度３８．２％）进行．电子显微镜的观测结果显示,脱硫产物粉尘结构疏松,颗粒形状不规则．根据电镜照片的统计结果,得出产物粉尘的数目中位径ＮＭＤ为０．４０μｍ,几何标准偏差σ１＝５．２１;质量中位径ＭＭＤ为２．８２μｍ,几何标准偏差σ２＝１．４３     

固液共存氧化型聚硅酸铁(PSF-Ⅰ)混凝剂的分析

对自制的聚硅酸铁(PSF)进行改性,加入高锰酸钾和稳定剂M,制备出固液共存氧化型聚硅酸铁(PSF-Ⅰ)混凝剂,用滤纸将PSF-Ⅰ过滤,并对PSF-Ⅰ、PSF-Ⅰ滤液及PSF进行紫外吸收(UVA)全波长扫描及前两者的混凝实验,然后将PSF-Ⅰ与PSF、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)进行混凝对比研究,最后对PSF-Ⅰ的混凝性能随储存时间的稳定性进行探讨.结果表明,高锰酸钾的加入改变了PSF的微观结构,使PSF的形态尺寸增大,导致PSF-Ⅰ中Fe³⁺离子的UVA特征峰比PSF高,并且保存了独立的高锰酸钾特征吸收峰(530nm).PSF-Ⅰ中的固相起到初级核子作用,有利于絮体成长.PSF-Ⅰ的最佳投药量为9 mg·L^-1,而PSF-Ⅰ滤液的最佳投药量为12 mg·L^-1.PSF-Ⅰ是通过混凝吸附和催化氧化功能共同实现对有机物的去除,而PSF和PFS仅是通过常规的混凝吸附去除部分有机物,去除机理有本质的区别.     

经氯胺消毒的高溴碘水体中极性卤代消毒副产物的生成及鉴定

本研究以中国南方某沿海地区易受海水入侵影响的自来水厂和污水处理厂出水为研究对象,通过建立基于液液萃取与超高效液相色谱/电喷雾电离-三重四级杆质谱的分析方法,快速选择性地检测这类含高质量浓度溴离子、碘离子的水体在氯胺消毒过程中生成的极性卤代消毒副产物。结果表明,通过设置子离子m/z79/81和m/z 127,对母离子进行扫描,在氯胺消毒后的2种水样中检测出了10种极性溴代消毒副产物和19种极性碘代消毒副产物。通过对同位素丰度比和子离子碎片的分析,首次提出了2种溴代消毒副产物和4种碘代消毒副产物的分子结构。此外,对比自来水厂和污水厂出水的总离子强度可以发现,污水厂出水中生成的极性卤代消毒副产物,特别是卤代含氮消毒副产物的种类和数量显著高于自来水厂出水。