生物柴油的碳烟形貌及影响因素分析

使用热场发射扫描电子显微镜拍摄了5种生物柴油和0号柴油在常温常压状态下燃烧产生的碳烟照片,分析了碳烟粒子的形貌及影响形貌和生成量的因素。研究表明,碳烟粒子多呈球状,平均直径在35～75nm之间,粒径分布符合高斯分布,总体排列呈现链状或者块状;碳烟形貌及生成量与火焰温度、燃料的氧含量、芳香烃含量、硫含量以及十六烷值等因素有关,与柴油相比,生物柴油燃烧火焰温度高、含氧量高、芳香烃和硫含量少,十六烷值高,使生物柴油的碳烟粒径普遍较小,整体排列更紧密,粘结程度更强。     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films

ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films were successfully prepared by subsequent electrodeposition of CdS and ZnO onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates. The obtained ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were investigated using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation. The influence of operating parameters on MO degradation including initial concentration of MO, pH value of solution, and inorganic anion species over the composite films were examined. A blue shift of absorption threshold was observed for the ITO/CdS/ZnO film in comparison with ITO/ZnO film. ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films prepared under specific conditions showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of ITO/ZnO films. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MO on the composite filing followed pseudo-first order kinetics.     

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb（Ⅱ）-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix

Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.     

钢丝缠绕增强塑料复合管钢塑粘合状态的判别方法

钢丝缠绕增强塑料复合管(简称PSP)融钢管的高强度和塑料管的柔性、耐腐蚀于一体,广泛应用于能源、化工、海洋、资源输送等领域。PSP钢塑之间的粘合状态直接影响管道的安全使用。常规的无损检测方法难以检测PSP钢塑之间的粘合状态。笔者采用超声相控阵技术及B扫描实时成像技术,对PSP钢丝和塑料之间的粘接程度进行超声检测试验。通过试验研究得出:根据超声图像中钢丝成像规律和钢塑界面反射回波特征,可间接反映PSP钢塑之间的粘合状况。     

全景扫描：循环经济在中国

发展循环经济是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径。自2005年以来,中国开展了循环经济示范试点工作,并在2009年组织了＂循环经济专家行＂活动,以期通过总结试点工作经验,提高循环经济技术和管理水平。     

循环流化床烟气脱硫机理研究

对影响脱硫效率的关键因素进行了分析,同时进行了实验验证,认为水分的蒸发是主要影响因素,而流化床的运行温度和床内的相对湿度则是影响循环床脱硫效率的主要运行参数,对排烟循环流化床的床料进行了电镜扫描分析。结果表明,床料的再循环,一方面为脱硫剂的再循环提供了载体,另一方面,扩大了脱硫反应的面积,提高了脱硫效率。     

珊瑚碎屑颗粒内孔隙特性微观试验研究∗

珊瑚碎屑是一种特殊的岩土材料,其显著特征是存在大量的内孔隙。为了深入揭示珊瑚碎屑内孔隙特性,通过电镜扫描(SEM)和压汞试验(MIP),分别定性和定量化地分析了珊瑚碎屑颗粒表面及内部孔隙形态特征和分布规律。结果表明:珊瑚碎屑存在由珊瑚虫生长和微生物共生形成的两类大小、形态及分布不同的内孔隙;珊瑚碎屑的整体孔隙度为9%～25%,由珊瑚虫生长而形成的孔隙等效直径为10～200μm;由微生物形成的孔隙面孔隙度低,孔隙直径多为4μm以下,且等轴或不等轴孔隙占绝大部分。     

红球菌酰胺酶降解阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺的亲和力分析

为探究酰胺酶降解阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）的微观机理,采用分子对接分别模拟了阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）或聚丙烯酸酯（PAA）结构模型与Rhodococcus sp. N-771酰胺酶（Rh Amidase）的结合,根据-CDOCKER＿Energy score值最高的原则,对获得最佳结合构象进行分析.基于亲和力虚拟突变进行丙氨酸（ALA）扫描.亲和力分析表明,Rh Amidase对HPAM-2的亲和力最高、最稳定,而Rh Amidase于PAA-2相互作用最小、结合最好.同时,该酶更倾向于降解短链的聚合物.相互作用分析表明,疏水相互作用是Rh Amidase-HPAM-2比Rh Amidase-PAA-2更稳定的主要原因.通过ALA扫描进一步得知,PHE146、ILE450、LYS96和GLY193是Rh Amidase降解HPAM-2的关键氨基酸残基.其中GLY193与HPAM-2形成的1个氢键对Rh Amidase-HPAM-2的亲和力影响最大.突变体ASP191ALA可以提高Rh Amidase对HPAM-2的酶活性,这些数据可为设计更高活性的Rh Amidase突变体提...     

药物混粉爆炸事故及防范对策的研究

从近几年制药行业频繁爆炸事故出发,分析制药行业爆炸事故的种类,从粉尘爆炸入手,以某制药企业为研究对象,对其爆炸粉体克拉维酸钾进行了爆炸参数测试,运用20L球形粉尘爆炸测试装置测定其爆炸下限为40g/m3。同时运用差热扫描热分析法对其进行放热反应进行研究,再利用毛细管气相色谱法对该混合物中是否存在可燃气体进行了评定,发现其存在丙酮可燃气体,但含量较低为9.3×10-5。针对上述特点,从技术和管理角度出发,分析应对措施以及常见的问题,设计了混粉机械人机界面,编制了安全检查表,对该类共性问题进行了归纳,以供防范药物混粉事故发生参考。     

电气火灾残留物的SEM分析方法研究

通过分析电气火灾的形成原因,总结出该类型火灾的残留物种类。然后利用电焊机和电阻炉等设备分别制备出铜铝导线的一、二次短路熔痕和火烧熔痕,电热丝的通电过热和火烧熔痕,并运用了目前一种新式有效的显微结构分析工具——扫描电子显微镜,对以上样品的表面进行微观形貌的观察、比较与分析。通过分析讨论,可以发现电气火灾残留物在火灾前后其表面的微观形貌特征存在明显不同。根据这些特征能够很轻易的鉴别出电气设备在火灾发生前的使用状态,从而推断出火灾是否由该电气设备引发而起。此项结论能够为从事火灾调查的人员对电气火灾原因的准确认定提供可靠依据,也能够为扫描电子显微镜技术的应用领域进行拓宽提供一些帮助。