杉木木屑对废水中Hg2+的静态吸附研究

研究了未改性、HNO3改性和NaOH改性杉木木屑对水中Hg2+的吸附特性,并探讨Hg2+初始浓度、pH值、吸附时间和木屑用量对吸附率的影响.结果表明,杉木木屑对水中Hg2+具有较好的吸附效果,吸附率可达90%以上.杉木木屑对Hg2+的吸附动力学可用拟二级动力学方程描述.研究表明,利用酸碱改性杉木木屑制备废水中Hf2+吸附材料具有广阔的应用前景.     

有机改性膨润土在印染废水处理中的应用

膨润土是一种非常有用的非金属矿物原料,其有机改性得到的有机改性膨润土可以较好地去除印染废水中的有机污染物和色度。本文综述了有机改性膨润土的制备方法及其在印染废水处理中的应用现状。     

我国农业秸秆的现状与利用方法

农业秸秆是一项重要的可再生生物质资源。分析了农业秸秆的资源现状,运用草谷比法计算出2009年我国秸秆总产量为6．3亿吨。是世界上秸秆资源最为丰富的国家之一。从传统方法与综合利用新技术方法两方面介绍秸秆的利用方法。对人们了解秸秆资源具有积极意义。     

改性小麦秸秆的制备及其对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

用碳酸钾(K2CO3)溶液活化法成功地制备改性小麦秸秆。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和静态吸附试验对改性前后样品的组成、形貌和吸附性能进行表征和测定,对比了秸秆改性前后的结构和组成变化。结果表明:改性后小麦秸秆半纤维素被部分溶解,出现了多孔疏松的结构。改性小麦秸秆用量、溶液p H和亚甲基蓝的浓度在一定范围内增大有助于改性小麦秸秆对亚甲基蓝吸附速率的提高,吸附类型符合Langmuir吸附等温方程模型且属于拟二级动力学吸附过程。     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residue materials as biosorbents

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, e.g., naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene and pyrene, from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residues was investigated to develop low cost biosorbents for organic pollutant abatement. Bamboo wood, pine wood, pine needles and pine bark were selected as plant residues, and acid hydrolysis was used as an easily modification method. The raw and modified biosorbents were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The sorption isotherms of PAHs to raw biosorbents were apparently linear, and were dominated by a partitioning process. In comparison, the isotherms of the hydrolyzed biosorbents displayed nonlinearity, which was controlled by partitioning and the specific interaction mechanism. The sorpfion kinetic curves of PAHs to the raw and modified plant residues fit well with the pseudo second-order kinetics model. The sorption rates were faster for the raw biosorbents than the corresponding hydrolyzed biosorbents, which was attributed to the latter having more condensed domains （i.e., exposed aromatic core）. By the consumption of the amorphous cellulose component under acid hydrolysis, the sorption capability of the hydrolyzed biosorbents was notably enhanced, i.e., 6-18 fold for phenanthrene, 6-8 fold for naphthalene and pyrene and 5-8 fold for acenaphthene. The sorpfion coefficients （Kd） were negatively correlated with the polarity index [（O＋N）/C], and positively correlated with the aromaticity of the biosorbents. For a given biosorbent, a positive linear correlation between logKoc and logKow for different PAHs was observed. Interestingly, the linear plots of logKoc-logKow were parallel for different biosorbents. These observations suggest that the raw and modified plant residues have great potential as biosorbents to remove PAHs from wastewater.     

Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for benzene catalytic combustion

Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and tested for the catalytic combustion of benzene. The catalysts were characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, temperatureprogrammed desorption of NH3（NH3-TPD）, H2temperature-programmed reduction（H2-TPR）, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy（HAADF-STEM）. The results showed that the addition of Mo effectively improved the activity and stability of the Pd/Al2O3catalyst by increasing the dispersion of Pd active components, changing the partial oxidation state of palladium and increasing the oxygen species concentration on the surface of catalyst. In the case of the Pd-Mo/Al2O3catalyst,benzene conversion of 90% was obtained at temperatures as low as 190°C, which was 45°C lower than that for similar performance with the Pd/Al2O3catalyst. Moreover, the 1.0% Pd-5% Mo/Al2O3catalyst was more active than the 2.0% Pd/Al2O3catalyst. It was concluded that Pd and Mo have a synergistic effect in benzene catalytic combustion.     

南京秋冬季典型霾污染过程及边界层特征分析

针对近年来南京地区秋冬季的几次典型秋冬季霾污染过程,利用地面空气污染监测资料、探空资料、常规气象观测资料,对霾污染过程的特征,特别是边界层特征进行综合分析。结果表明,秋收季节秸秆燃烧对于南京及周边地区的空气质量有明显影响,局地空气污染指数飙高。南京及周边地区几次霾污染过程,均出现逆温层,贴地逆温、脱地逆温均影响霾的形成。5次霾污染过程中,均有观测时次混合层高度小于200 m,并且低混合层高度持续时间与API高值时间一致。总体上,混合层高度与API(AQI)呈相反趋势。     

改性沸石对餐厨垃圾释放的恶臭气体吸附研究

通过课题组的前期调研发现,餐厨垃圾处理过程中释放出的恶臭气体以氨气和甲硫醇居多,实验以改性沸石为吸附剂对混合恶臭气体甲硫醇和氨气进行吸附性能变化研究。利用不同浓度的磷酸溶液对沸石进行浸渍改性,考察烘干温度、浸渍浓度和浸渍时间对沸石结构和吸附性能的影响,探讨吸附机理。实验结果表明,改性之后的沸石物理结构发生了变化,烘干温度、浸渍浓度和浸渍时间对吸附效果的影响均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,沸石比表面积和表面酸含量共同作用于改性沸石对混合气体的吸附能力,其中在烘干温度为70℃、浸渍浓度为15%和浸渍时间为2.5 h条件下改性的沸石对混合气体的吸附能力最佳,此时氨气和甲硫醇的吸附量分别为224.727和4.527 mg/g,与未改性沸石相比增大了79.3%和143%。     

颗粒活性炭改性同步去除水中铅、铬的研究

为提高颗粒活性炭同步去除水中铅、铬污染物的能力,分别使用氧化铁、氧化锰、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HTMAB)和氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)制作改性活性炭(Fe Cl3-AC,Mn O2-AC,HTMAB-AC,CPC-AC)。通过测定4种改性活性炭表面的等电点p H、酸碱官能团和扫描电子显微镜图像,研究4种改性活性炭吸附效果优异并分析其中原因。结果表明:Fe Cl3-AC同步去除铅、铬效果最佳,HTMAB-AC、CPC-AC与原炭效果持平,Mn O2-AC效果还不及原炭。从等电点p H来看,Fe Cl3-AC拥有较低的等电点p H,有利于静电吸附铬酸根阴离子团;从酸性基团数目来看,Fe Cl3-AC表面拥有较多酸性官能团,有利于离子交换作用,保证了对铅离子较高的吸附效率;从SEM来看,Fe Cl3-AC上Fe Cl3负载均匀,有效改善了活性炭表面特性,有利于吸附。     

壳聚糖絮凝微藻的研究进展及展望

微藻作为一种卓越的生物资源已经受到全世界的关注。从藻液中采收微藻一直是个瓶颈。壳聚糖是目前被普遍认可的安全有效的微藻絮凝剂,通过对其进行适当的改性,可以更好地提高絮凝效率。文章综述了壳聚糖以及改性壳聚糖絮凝剂的絮凝机理和性能,并对壳聚糖絮凝微藻研究的发展趋势进行了展望。