EGSB反应器处理发酵废水效能影响研究

实验采用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器先后对模拟发酵废水和实际发酵废水进行处理。考察了配水阶段硫酸盐负荷(SLR)对EGSB反应器净化效能的影响,并对实际发酵废水的处理效果进行了研究。实验结果表明:控温条件下((35±1)℃)、进水COD约为2 200 mg/L、水力停留时间(HRT)15 h时,COD去除率可达92%。随着SLR增加,COD去除率降低,当SLR为1.3 kg SO42-/(m3·d)时,反应器出现酸化。为保证反应器的稳定运行,延长HRT至24 h后,COD、SO42-去除率可分别达到90%、82%左右。同样条件下,EGSB处理实际发酵废水,COD、SO42-去除率分别为75%、60%。配水和原水阶段硫酸盐还原菌所能达到的最高电子流比重分别为21.1%、17.5%,对应的最低COD/SO42-为3.0,此时整个反应系统竞争最为激烈,但产甲烷菌仍保持较高竞争性。     

电子废弃物中持久性有机污染物分析检测方法的研究进展

针对目前电子废弃物中持久性有机污染物(POPs)尚未形成有效快速分析检测方法的问题,介绍了溶剂萃取、固相萃取、微波萃取和超临界流体萃取等POPs前处理技术的研究进展,总结了POPs的分析方法,如:气相色谱、液相色谱、气相色谱-质谱法、高分辨率气相色谱-高分辨质谱法等化学分析方法,以及生物传感器测定法、表面胞质团共振检测法、酶联免疫检测法等生物分析方法。分析了各方法的优劣,并提出了展望。     

铅锌矿浮选药剂污染与防治研究进展

我国是有色金属开采与利用大国,有色金属工业在经济和社会发展以及国防科技工业等方面发挥着重要作用,开采、冶炼带来的污染也引起各界关注,但是以往铅锌矿污染的研究主要集中在浮选废水、尾矿库及周边土壤的重金属污染状况调查与治理,选矿废水中浮选药剂的残留带来了新的环境问题:尾矿库外排水总磷超标、有机磷污染物易形成二次污染、危害水...     

铜陵市义安区农业面源污染现状调查与评价

通过对铜陵市义安区7个乡镇的农田、养殖及农村生活污染源的调查,采用等标污染负荷法进行评价,应用ArcGIS软件作聚类分析,研究该区域农业面源污染来源及其负荷空间特征。结果表明：农业面源污染排放量为3 739.50 t,农村生活、畜禽养殖为重点污染源,其排放量分别为1 705.36 t、1 55855 t,污染负荷分别为45.61%、41.67%。在COD、TN、TP 3个主要评价因子中重点污染物是COD,其次是TN,污染负荷率分别为87.55％、10.95%。在各乡镇中西联镇、天门镇、顺安镇的农业面源污染排放量较高,分别为818.86 t、772.26 t、740.12 t,污染负荷分别为21.90%、20.65%、19.79%。     

碳组分不同监测分析技术的比较

采用在线监测和实验室分析方法,分别在热光透射法(TOT)NIOSH 5040、870升温协议和热光反射法(TOR)IMPROVE-A升温协议下测定PM_2.5中有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC),并将各测定结果做比对分析。结果表明,在线监测(NIOSH 5040)与实验室分析(IMPROVE-A)结果的相关系数R>0.8,总体相关性较好,EC值差异略大;在线监测与实验室分析在NIOSH 870协议下TC测定值总体相近,OC与EC测定值略有差异;在线监测中NIOSH 5040协议下的OC测定值略低于870协议,EC测定值略高于870协议,日常监测中两种温度协议均可选择。     

离子色谱法测定水中亚硫酸根的优化

为了提高离子色谱法测定水中亚硫酸根的准确性,通过条件实验,对亚硫酸根稳定性、淋洗液有机改进剂等进行优化。选择Metrosep A Supp 5150色谱柱,以3.2 mmol/L的碳酸钠+1.0 mmol/L的碳酸氢钠+5.0%的丙酮溶液为淋洗液,经离子色谱检测,亚硫酸盐的质量浓度在0~10.0 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,检出限为0.034 mg/L。实际样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.4%~4.7%,加标回收率为96.8%~103%。该方法可延长亚硫酸盐标准溶液的保存时间,有效分离亚硫酸根和硫酸根,灵敏度高、正确度与精密度良好,适用于水中亚硫酸根的测定。     

腐植质与有机污染物作用研究进展

综述了腐殖质的结构特性、与有机污染物的结合性质以及腐殖质对有机污染物毒性和生物可利用率的影响。已有的研究表明:腐殖质与有机污染物的结合能力受到下列因素的影响———腐殖质的结构、腐殖质的分子量和浓度、有机物的结构、水环境条件以及光化学降解作用等;腐殖质的存在通常降低了有机污染物的毒性,但在少数情况下例外,其推测性的机理还有待于实验进一步验证;有机污染物的生物可利用率不仅与腐殖质的浓度和组成有关,还受水体PH值的影响。本文同时对腐殖质的结构和多样性的研究、腐殖质对极性有机污染物的迁移、毒性和生物可利用率的研究、腐殖质增强某些有机物毒性的机理的研究进行了展望。     

Incorporating sorption/desorption of organic pollutants into river water quality model

Preliminary research was conducted about how to incorporate sorption/desorption of organic pollutants with suspended solids and sediments into single-chemical and one-dimensional water quality model of Jinghang Canal.Sedimentation-resuspension coefficient k3 was deduced; characteristics of organic pollutants, concentrations and components of suspended solids/sediments and hydrological and hydraulic conditions were integrated into k3 and further into river water quality model; impact of sorption/desorption of organic pollutants with suspended solids and sediments on prediction function of the model was discussed. Results demonstrated that this impact is pronounced for organic pollutants with relatively large Koc and Kow, especially when they are also conservative and foc of riversuspended solids/sediments is high, and that incorporation of sorption/ desorption of organic pollutants into river water quality model can improve its prediction accuracy.     

Using a zeolite medium biofilter to remove organic pollutant and ammonia simultaneously

IntroductionWatershortageproblemisquiteseriousinmanycitiesofChina .Thereuseofmunicipalwastewaterisoneofthekeymethodstoreleasethisproblem .Makeupwaterforrecirculatingcoolingsystemisthelargestwaterusageinmanyfactories .Thewaterqualitystandardsforreclaimedwa…     

Lead adsorption capacities of different components in natural surface coatings

Pb adsorption capacities of Fe oxide, Mn oxide and organic materials in natural surface coatings (biofilms and associated minerals) collected in three lakes, two ponds and a river in Jilin Province, China and Cayuga Lake in US were studied. A novel extraction technique was employed to remove one or more component(s) from the surface coatings. Pb adsorption to surface coatings before and after extraction was performed to determine the adsorptive properties of the extracted component(s). The statistical analysis of observed Pb adsorption was carried out using nonlinear least squares fitting (NLSF) to estimate the Pb adsorption capacity of each component of surface coatings. For each body of water, the estimated Pb adsorption capacity of Mn oxide( mol Pb/mol Mn) was significantly higher than that of Fe oxide( mol Pb/ mol Fe). The value of estimated adsorption capacities of organic materials with the unit mol Pb per kg COD was similar to or less than that of Fe oxides with the unit mol Pb per mol Fe. Comparison of components of surface coatings in different waters showed that the estimated Pb adsorption capacities of components in surface coatings developed in different natural waters were different,especially for Mn oxides.