粗糙度对硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层附着力影响

目的 研究基体粗糙度对涂层附着力的影响。方法 选取LY12铝合金、硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层为研究对象,开展不同粗糙度下涂层与基体间附着力的影响关系研究,确定粗糙度对涂层机械附着力的微观作用机理,并通过有限元软件ABAQUS6.12建立硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层/铝合金基体的界面损伤粘结模型,模拟涂层/基体界面从起始剥离到完全开裂的过程,并通过对比分析不同基体粗糙度与涂层S22应力值的关系,从而验证基体表面粗糙度对涂层附着力的作用机理为机械互锁理论。结果 随着基体表面粗糙度的增加,涂层的附着强度逐渐增大,但二者并不呈线性关系,当硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层的厚度为（30±2）um时,铝合金基体表面粗糙度Ra=(3.6～4.8)um范围内,可保证涂层较好的附着力。结论 凹凸不平的基体表面可增大涂层/基体间的接触面积,可以使涂层与基体像铆钉一样牢固结合,从而提高涂层与基体的吸附作用力。     

国外快速测定化学消油剂消油效果的几种方法

化学消油剂消油效果的现场评定方法必须满足适合现场操作、材料价廉易得、结果可靠准确等条件。对国外现有的现场快速测定消油剂效果的5种方法进行比较,结果表明,英国的佩内特鉴别法、挪威的菲勒溢出油检测装置和加拿大的梅蒂现场测定法存在一定的缺陷,不推荐使用。美国环保局的现场测定法(EPA FDET)简单、快速、准确。加拿大渥太华一家环境研究机构研制出的现场试验法比EPA FDET法耗时多,但原材料价格低廉,操作简单,结果可靠,值得推广应用。     

Succession of aquatic microbial communities as a result of the water quality variations in continuous water

The changes of structural and functional parameters of aquatic microbial communities in continuous water on campus of Tsinghua University, China are investigated by polyurethane foam unit(PFU) method. The measured compositions of the communities include alga, protozoa, and some metazoa (such as rotifers). The measured indicators of water quality include water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), potassium permanganate index(CODMn), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and chlorophyll- a(Chla). The trophic level, expressed by the trophic level indices(TL/c), is assessed with analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis (AHP-PCA) method. The changing trends of the structural and functional parameters of aquatic microbial communities, such as Margalef index of diversity(D), Shannon-weaver index of diversity (H), Heterotropy index (HI), number of species when the colonization gets equilibrium(Seq), colonizing speed constant(G) and time spent when 90 percent of Seq colonized in PFU ( T90% ), are also analyzed. The experimental results showed the succession of aquatic microbial communities along the water flow is consistent with the water quality changes, so the parameters of microbial community can reflect the changes of water quality from the ecological view.     

2010—2019年台州市市区降水化学组成特征及变化趋势

为了解台州市市区大气降水化学成分组成特征及变化规律,对2010—2019年台州市市区降水监测数据进行了统计分析。结果表明:2010—2019年降水样品pH为4.20～4.84夏高冬低,强酸性降水频率下降显著,电导率平均值为3.16 mS/cm。SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-是降水中最主要的阴离子,NH_4~+和Ca~(2+)是降水中最主要的阳离子。Ca~(2+)浓度在2018年开始有所抬升,SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-浓度整体呈波动下降趋势。SO_4~(2-)与NO_3~-浓度比均值为1.50,呈下降趋势,同大气中SO_2与NO_2的质量浓度比变化趋势基本一致。SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-相关性显著,Cl~-、Na~+及Mg~(2+)三者之间具有较好相关性。降水与气态污染物相关性不大,对颗粒物有明显冲刷去除作用。SO_2和NO_x的排放量显著下降,酸雨污染呈现改善过程。     

Management of process performance at low water temperatures in respect of filamentous organisms

The management of sludge-settling properties in Nordic conditions is of importance during the low temperature (spring) season because of the peak settler load. A survey was made in 10 Finnish waste water treatment plants(WWTP‘ s) and the total extended filament length and DSVI in haft of the plants exceeded the limits, which indicates sludge bulking( 15 km/g SS and 150 ml/g respectively). The dominant organism was Microthrix parvicella, the abundance of which was 59.22% of total extended filament length on average.Chemicals were tested to control the filaments, and it was found that special attention has to be paid to maintaining the nitrification at low temperature. A dosage of(H2O2-besed) oxidants controlled the growth of Microthrix parvicella effectively and rapidly, whereas with the use of aluminium hydroxidechloride a 2 to 5-week period was needed to decrease the filament length.     

UV-catalytic treatment of spent caustic from ethene plant with hydrogen peroxide and ozone oxidation

The performance of UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 oxidation systems for treating spent caustic from an ethylene plant was investigated, in UV/H2O2 system, with the increase of H202 dosage, removal efficiencies of COD and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) to chemical oxygen demand(COD) of the effluent were increased and a better performance was obtained than the H2O2 system alone. In UV/H2O2 system, removal efficiency of COD reach 68% under the optimum condition, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.52. In UV/O3 system, with the increase of O3 dosage, removal efficiency of COD and BOD/COD ratio were increased, and a better performance was obtained than the O3 system alone. Under the optimum condition, removal efficiency of COD was 54%, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.48. In UV/H2O2/O3 system, COD removal efficiency was found to be 22.0% higher than UV/O3 system.     

智慧加油机器人技术发展现状与展望

传统加油模式工作环境较差且存在风险,而智慧加油机器人无需人工操作,自动完成加油过程,可有效提升加油效率、减少劳动力需求,并规避人工操作风险、降低运营成本。介绍了国内外加油机器人的技术发展现状,对机械结构、安全防护、加注接口、识别定位4项关键技术进行分析归纳,并对未来发展方向进行了展望,即完善智慧加油机器人车型适配度。提出要定期对机器人加油站进行风险评估和安全检测。     

末次冰期东海嵊山岛黄土元素地球化学特征及其古气候意义

以东部季风区浙江省舟山群岛嵊山岛黄土沉积为研究对象,在光释光测年基础上,探讨黄土沉积的元素地球化学等特征并揭示其记录的古气候意义。光释光年代结果显示,嵊山岛黄土堆积于末次冰期时期。黄土中地球化学成分以SiO_2、Al₂O₃和Fe₂O₃为主,占比90.22%,与黄土高原洛川剖面中黄土层和古土壤层以及镇江下蜀黄土样品相比,嵊山岛黄土常量元素中的铝、铁元素表现为相对富集,钙、钠和钾元素相对亏损,化学蚀变指数CIA为85.1。从东部嵊山岛到西北黄土高原洛川,不同区域黄土风化强度差异显著,总体表现为：嵊山岛黄土>镇江下蜀黄土>陆源页岩>洛川古土壤>洛川黄土>上陆壳(UCC)。嵊山岛黄土沉积剖面磁化率平均值为70.9×10^-8 m³/kg,磁化率随剖面深度变化明显。结合磁化率指标,嵊山岛黄土地球化学记录揭示了末次冰期间冰阶时期气候大体呈现由暖湿至冷干再至暖湿的波动特征,这与会宁黄土、下蜀黄土等所反映的MIS3时段气候变...     

回溯中前行:农业现代化还是现代农业——写在《四千年农夫》出版一百周年之际

100多年前,美国农业部土壤所所长,威斯康辛州立大学土壤专家富兰克林·金(Franklin King)远涉重洋游历中国、日本和高丽,考察三个东亚国家古老的农耕体系,并于1911年出版了一本名叫《四千年农夫》(Farmers of Forty Centuries)的书。作者在考察中产生了疑问:中国农民数千年来如何成功地保持了土壤的肥力和健康,他们没有使用大量的外部资源投入,却养活了这么高密度的人口。为什么美国仅仅耕作几     

化工装置火灾事故处置对策

近年来,化工工业发展迅速,新型化工生产工艺日益向高深发展,工艺过程相当复杂,化学危险物品泄漏、火灾、爆炸事故时有发生。熟悉和掌握化工企业火灾事故发生的规律及处置方法日益重要。