为政府提供技术支撑服务

30年来,中国安全生产科学研究院在安全生产监管体制机制法规标准、安全生产规划研究等方面发挥了重要技术支撑作用,参加了大量重大事故的调查和技术分析,为政府部门安全监管工作提供了有力的技术支撑服务。     

发挥协会作用 推进诚信建设 做好质量监控

<正>浙江省是劳保用品生产和消费大省,全省各级管理部门对劳保用品的生产、销售和使用都非常重视,浙江省安全健康防护用品行业协会成立之初就把协助政府加强劳保用品质量监管作为重点工作。     

香菜的功效与作用

香菜也就是芫荽,又名胡荽,它的嫩茎和鲜叶有种特殊的香味,常被用作菜肴的点缀,提味。除了利用它的特殊香气进行烹饪之外,香菜由于富含营养物质,还具有许多医疗保健作用。     

湿地植物根际微生物处理生活污水模型的长期研究

在冬季和春季分别做了为期2个月的长期实验。研究了人为增加湿地植物根际微生物对生活污水中COD的降解效果,以及温度的影响,细菌数量的变化,湿地基质的堵塞状况。连续运行的结果表明,随着时间的增加,空白模型和实验模型上层土壤中的细菌数量呈上升趋势,同时处理率稳步提高。表明废水中COD的去除与湿地系统中成长的微生物数量有关。在温度大于10℃时,温度与模型处理率没有相关性。空白模型出现不同程度的积水现象,而实验模型运行正常,土壤渗透率测定中,空白模型土样的渗水时间比试验模型长28%,均说明实验模型中人为添加的菌对湿地的堵塞具有明显的缓解作用。     

制革脱毛废水中硫化物的气提脱除作用研究

采用上流式反应器,通过实验室气提模拟试验研究了pH,硫化物浓度,进水速率、气提流速,污泥存在等因素对制革脱毛废液中硫化物气提脱除效果。研究结果表明:pH主要控制液相中硫化物向H2S的转化,对污泥吸附的硫化物无影响。厌氧酸化可使废液pH降到6以下,此时气提脱硫率可达80%以上。污泥对硫化物的吸附随进水浓度的增加而增大,其吸附量约占硫化物总量的10%￣15%。降低上升流速Vup和提高气提流速可使脱硫率迅速增加,但后者的作用更明显。     

城市排水系统在水污染防治中的作用

城市排水系统在水污染防治中起着重要作用。通过排水管网、污水处理厂和雨水排放系统的协同作用,能够有效收集和处理废水,减少污水对水环境的污染。同时,雨水管理也能够减少雨水对水环境的污染。水质监测和管理也是城市排水系统的重要组成部分。然而,城市排水系统面临着城市化进程带来的压力和需求、技术和设施的更新和改进以及管理和监管的问题。未来,城市排水系统的发展趋势将会是应用新技术和创新、提高环境意识和政策支持以及借鉴国际经验和合作。     

土壤中抗生素的吸附行为与机理研究进展

抗生素进入土壤后会发生一系列环境行为,造成环境污染。该文梳理了土壤中抗生素的来源、污染现状和环境行为,系统总结抗生素的官能团和分子结构以及土壤的类型、pH、共存离子和有机质影响抗生素在土壤中吸附的基本规律以及作用机制。土壤中抗生素主要来源于畜牧和医疗产生的废弃物;主要有四环素类、磺胺类、大环内酯类和喹诺酮类;通过生物蓄积和吸附作用残留在土壤中,诱导抗性基因产生或与其他污染物交叉污染造成生态风险。具有羟基、羧基、胺基等可电离基团和不同分子结构的抗生素,存在不同酸解离常数,通过H键作用、π–π相互作用、金属离子络合作用、去质子化作用和阳离子交换等机制被土壤吸附;颗粒细小,质地细腻,具有较大比表面积和孔隙体积的土壤会暴露更多吸附位点,更容易吸附抗生素;土壤存在可变电荷,土壤电荷与抗生素的价态相同会抑制抗生素吸附,反之则促进;有机质通过羟基、羧基等官能团增强抗生素吸附,或与抗生素竞争土壤吸附位点抑制抗生素吸附;Al³⁺、Fe³⁺等酸性金属离子,作为抗生素与土壤颗粒联结的桥梁促进抗生素吸附;K⁺、Na⁺、Ca...     

Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

Leaching behavior of Pb and Zn in air pollution control residues and their modeling prediction

Increasing attention has been paid to air pollution control （APC） residues in China recently due to the rising proportion of waste incineration and the hazardous characteristics of the residues, among which heavy metal leaching toxicity plays an important role. Leaching behavior and potential risk of Pb and Zn in the APC residues from a Shanghai municipal solid waste （MSW） incinerator was studied, based on the leaching tests under different conditions and theoretical calculation using a geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2. Results showed that, extractant species and liquid to solid （L/S） ratio predominantly controlled the leaching toxicity of Pb and Zn, while ionic strength, vibration method and leaching time had less effect on the metals release. Leachate/final pH determined the metal leaching behavior, which changed the speciation of heavy metals in the extraction system. The equilibrium aqueous speciation, precipitation-dissolution of Pb and Zn was investigated according to the model computation, which was well in agreement with the experimental results.     

Effect of cerium on photosynthetic characteristics of soybean seedling exposed to supplementary ultraviolet-B radiation

Effects of cerium （Ce^3＋） on photosynthetic characteristics were investigated by hydroponics under laboratory conditions when soybean seedlings were exposed to two levels of supplementary UV-B radiation. UV-B radiation badly inhibited the photosynthesis in soybean seedling, leading to a reduction in net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, Hill reaction activity, light saturated photosynthetic rate （Ps） and apparent quanta yield （AQY）, as well as the CO2 and light saturated photosynthetic rate （Pro） and carboxulation efficiency （CE）. On the contrary, Ce obviously promoted the photosynthesis of plants by increasing Hill reaction activity, accelerating electron transport and photophosphorylation, and enhancing carboxylation efficiency. For Ce＋UV-B treatments, the values of photosynthetic parameters were still lower than those of the control, but obviously higher than those of UV-B treatment. The results indicated that Ce alleviated the inhibition of UV-B radiation on the photosynthesis in soybean seedling to a certain extent. In correlating of Pn with Hill activity, AQY and CE, we found that the changes of photosynthetic rate were mainly influenced by the regulating effect of Ce on Hill activity and AQY at low level （0.15 W/m^2） of UV-B radiation, but were dominated by the regulating effect of Ce on CE at high level （0.45 W/m^2）. Thus, Ce could regulate many aspects in photosynthesis of soybean seedling under UV-B stress. The regulating mechanism was close related with the dosage of UV-B radiation.