组氨酸对黄河泥沙与铜界面相互作用的影响

研究了黄河水中组氨酸对铜(Ⅱ)与黄河固体粒子相互作用的离子交换率 E% pH关系曲线的影响。实验结果表明:(1)黄河水中铜(Ⅱ)主要以Cu(OH)+形式与黄河固体粒子液 固界面发生 价阳离子交换反应;二者界面相互作用的离子交换率 E% 主要受溶液pH值的影响,并随溶液pH值的升高而增大,由此得到E% pH 关系曲线;(2)在天然河水pH范围内(8.0~8.5), 0.2μg/mL组氨酸的存在会使铜(II) 转化沙相互作用的离子交换率 E% 从 95.75% 增加到 98.5%;会使铜(II) 未转化沙相互作用的离子交换率从93.25%增加到97.25%,水体中的铜几乎全部由水相转入固相。说明一定浓度的组氨酸对该体系的离子交换有促进作用;(3)在铜(II) 黄河固体粒子相互作用体系中,相同条件下,转化沙的离子交换率大于未转化沙。     

累托石-粉煤灰颗粒吸附剂的制备及除铜性能

研究了累托石-粉煤灰颗粒吸附剂制备工艺条件及其去除铜冶炼废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的条件。实验结果表明:累托石与粉煤灰的比例为7∶3,另加入15%的添加剂(St)和50%的水,焙烧温度为500℃时,制成的颗粒吸附剂不仅吸附效果最佳,而且其散失率较低。在不调节铜冶炼工业废水pH值的条件下,颗粒吸附剂用量为0·01g/mL,作用时间为60min,温度为25℃(常温)时,Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率达99·5%,处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级标准。     

机械力化学活化HPW-TiO_2/膨润土光催化降解甲基橙

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了磷钨酸(HPW)改性TiO_2,并固载于膨润土上,再经机械力化学活化,得到机械力化学活化HPW-TiO_2/膨润土(MCA-HPW-TiO_2/膨润土)复合光催化剂。采用XRD,SEM,EDS技术对复合光催化剂进行了表征,并将其用于甲基橙的紫外光催化降解。表征结果显示:活性组分TiO_2和HPW成功固载于膨润土上;在机械力化学活化作用下,膨润土层间结构遭到破坏,TiO_2的XRD特征峰形呈弥散状态。实验结果表明:机械力化学活化作用对HPW-TiO_2/膨润土的光催化性能提升效果显著;在酸性及近中性条件下MCA-HPWTiO_2/膨润土均具有较高的催化活性;在溶液p H 6.2、初始甲基橙质量浓度10 mg/L、反应时间180 min、MCAHPW-TiO_2/膨润土投加量1 g/L的条件下,甲基橙去除率达88.27%;该光催化降解过程符合一级动力学模型。     

活性炭阴极电化学法回收废水中Ni(Ⅱ)的研究

研究了采用活性炭阴极电化学法,回收废水中的Ni(Ⅱ)生产硫酸镍的工艺。着重探讨了电流密度、Ni(Ⅱ)的初始浓度、溶液的pH值与反应温度对Ni(Ⅱ)回收率的影响。在电流密度为0.05A/cm2,废水中Ni(Ⅱ)的含量为250 mg/L,溶液pH值为6.0、温度为30℃及反应时间为150min条件下,废水中的Ni(Ⅱ)回收率达99.2%。     

褐煤腐植酸对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

对比了云南寻甸褐煤提取的腐植酸与云南昆明凤鸣村褐煤提取的腐植酸对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附性能.发现凤鸣村褐煤腐植酸对Ni(Ⅱ)有更好的吸附效果     

Mechanism of enhanced removal of quinonic intermediates during electrochemical oxidation of Orange Ⅱ under ultraviolet irradiation

The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on generation of radicals and formation of intermediates was investigated in electrochemical oxidation of the azo-dye Orange I1 using a TiO2-modified β- PbO2 electrode. It was found that a characteristic absorbance of quinonic compounds at 255 nm, which is responsible for the rate-determining step during aromatics degradation, was formed only in electrocatalytic oxidation. The dye can be oxidized by either HO radicals or direct electron transfer. Quinonic compounds were produced concurrently. The removal of TOC by photo-assisted electrocatalytic oxidation was 1.56 times that of the sum of the other two processes, indicating a significant synergetic effect. In addition, once the ultraviolet irradiation was introduced into the process of electrocatalytic oxidation, the degradation rate of quinonic compounds was enhanced by as much as a factor of two. The more efficient generation of HO radicals resulted from the introduction of ultraviolet irradiation in electrocatalytic oxidation led to the significant synergetic effect as well as the inhibiting effect on the accumulation of quinonic compounds.     

Characterization and reactivity of biogenic manganese oxides for ciprofloxacin oxidation

Biogenic manganese oxides （BioMnOx） were synthesized by the oxidation of Mn（II） with Mn- oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas sp. G7 under different initial pH values and Mn（II） dosages, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The crystal structure and Mn oxidation states of BioMnOx depended on the initial pH and Mn（lI） dosages of the medium. The superoxide radical （O2） was observed in Mn-containing （III/IV） BioMnOx suspensions by electron spin resonance measurements. BioMnOx（0.4）-7, with mixed valence of Mn（II/III/IV） and the strongest O~- signals, was prepared in the initial pH 7 and Mn（II） dosage of 0.4 mmol/L condition, and exhibited the highest activity for ciproftoxacin degradation and no Mn（II） release. During the degradation of ciprofloxacin, the oxidation of the Mn（II） formed came from biotic and abiotic reactions in BioMnOx suspensions on the basis of the Mn（II） release and O2- formation from different BioMnOx. The degradation process of ciprofloxacin was shown to involve the cleavage of the hexatomic ring having a secondary amine and carbon-carbon double bond connected to a carboxyl group, producing several compounds containing amine groups as well as small organic acids.     

生物质炭对孔雀石绿和酸性橙的吸附研究

文章以生物质炭为吸附剂,研究了其对以孔雀石绿和酸性橙Ⅱ两种染料作为水污染物时的吸附行为,并且探讨了初始浓度、温度、离子强度及溶液p H值等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明吸附符合准二级动力学方程;离子强度对吸附效果贡献不大;随着p H值的增加,生物质炭对孔雀石绿的吸附量增加,而对酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附量降低;吸附热力学研究表明,吸附过程为自发的吸热反应,用Langmuir方程能够更好地对吸附等温线进行拟合。     

邻苯二酚荧光法测定垃圾渗滤液中的金属锰（Ⅱ）

在PH约为2.3条件下,锰（VII）与邻苯二酚发生氧化还原作用,致使邻苯二酚的荧光（λex/λem=278nm/318nm）发生猝灭,且体系的荧光猝灭程度与锰（II）的浓度在一定范围呈现良好的线性关系,基于此可建立测定锰（II）的荧光分析方法。本文详细研究了其反应的特性和影响因素,在优化的试验条件下,测定锰浓度的线性范围是2×10-8mol/L-3×10-4mol/L,检出限为2×10-9mol/L。RSD=1.0%,常见离子不干扰测定。该方法稳定性好,简便易行,快速准确,有很好的选择性和很高的灵敏度,成功应用于垃圾渗滤液样品中锰（Ⅱ）的测定,实验结果令人满意。     

胶体金免疫层析试纸条检测环境样品中的镉(Ⅱ)

研制了大米及河水样品中镉残留的胶体金免疫层析快速检测试纸条。实验结果表明,制备的试纸条对Cd(Ⅱ)-EDTA标准溶液的最低检测限为20μg/L;除了与Hg(Ⅱ)-EDTA及Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA轻微交叉反应外,与Cr(Ⅱ)-EDTA、Pb(Ⅱ)-EDTA、Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA等金属螯合物无交叉反应;试纸条在常温下放置18周稳定性良好;对河水及大米中Cd(Ⅱ)的最低检测限分别为5μg/L和0.5μg/g,与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)的检测结果一致。胶体金免疫层析试纸条法操作简便,能满足样品的检测要求,适用于污染地区大米及河水样品中重金属Cd(Ⅱ)残留的快速检测。