活性炭催化双氧水氧化处理分散橙结晶废母液

采用Fe2+/H2O2、活性炭(AC)/H2O2和AC/H2O2/Fe2+三种氧化体系对高浓度、高酸度和高盐分的分散橙结晶废母液进行处理,探讨了H2O2投加量、n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)比值和初始pH对TOC去除率影响,比较三种氧化体系对TOC和色度的去除效果。结果表明:AC/H2O2/Fe2+氧化体系对TOC去除率最高,AC/H2O2氧化体系对色度去除率最高。即使在强酸环境中下,AC对H2O2仍然具有较高的催化活性,并可多次重复利用。AC/H2O2氧化体系为分散橙结晶废母液处理及资源化利用提供了新途径。     

Optimization of methyl orange removal from aqueous solution by response surface methodology using spent tea leaves as adsorbent

The effective disposal of redundant tea waste is crucial to environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of trash resources. In this work, the removal of methyl orange （MO） from aqueous solution using spent tea leaves as the sorbent was investigated in a batch experiment. First, the effects of various parameters such as temperature, adsorption time, dose of spent tea leaves, and initial concentration of MO were investigated. Then, the response surface methodology （RSM）, based on Box- Behnken design, was employed to obtain the optimum adsorption conditions. The optimal conditions could be obtained at an initial concentration of MO of 9.75 mg·L-1, temperature of 35.3℃, contact time of 63.8 min, and an adsorbent dosage 3.90 g· L-1. Under the optimized condi- tions, the maximal removal of MO was 58.2%. The results indicate that spent tea leaves could be used as an effective and economical adsorbent in the removal of MO from aqueous solution.     

水浮莲干体对甲基橙的吸附研究

研究了水浮莲干体对模拟染料废水中甲基橙(MO)的吸附行为,考察吸附时间、溶液初始pH值、水浮莲干体用量和MO初始质量浓度等因素对MO吸附的影响.结果表明,在MO溶液初始pH值为5.5、初始质量浓度为25 mg·L-1条件下,添加12.5g·L-1粒径为0.250～0.425 mm的水浮莲干体,于25℃条件下以120 r·min-1振荡吸附90 min后,MO吸附率可达72.1％.酸性环境有利于MO吸附;一定范围内,水浮莲干体用量的增加以及MO初始浓度的升高都会导致吸附率升高.水浮莲干体对MO的吸附过程更符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,Lagergren准二级动力学方程更适合模拟其吸附动力学行为.随温度升高,MO平衡吸附量呈减少趋势.水浮莲干体及浸出液中Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd和Pb含量远低于GB 5085.3-2007 《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》中的限量值,因此将水浮莲干体作为新型吸附剂应用于染料废水处理,不会导致二次污染.     

Na2Ti6O13纳米带的制备及其光降解活性艳橙染料废水的研究

用微乳法和熔盐法结合制备出了Na2Ti6O13纳米带,并用XRD,SEM对其进行表征;研究了Na2Ti6O13在紫外光下对偶氮染料活性艳橙(X-GN)的降解,并探讨了pH值、催化剂投加量和外加H2O2氧化剂对光催化效率的影响。实验表明,Na2Ti6O13具有很好的光催化性能,30W紫外灯下光催化60min对25mg/LX-GN的降解率最高可达94.1%;反应液pH值过高或过低会影响催化剂活性,最佳pH值为5.7;一定范围内,光催化效率随催化剂投加量的增加而提高,但投加量大于1.0 g/L时,催化效率反而下降;适当投加H2O2能显著提高降解效果。     

Sb2O5/TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙溶液

采用实验室合成的Sb2O5掺杂TiO2作为催化剂,研究各种因素对甲基橙的超声催化降解反应的影响.结果表明,在Sb2O5掺杂TiO2催化剂作用下,甲基橙的超声催化降解效果明显优于单独使用TiO2的情况.1.5%掺杂量的催化剂,用量在1.0～1.5 g/L之间,超声波频率25 kHz,输出功率1.0 W/cm2,pH为1.0～3.0时,初始浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙水溶液,100 min左右基本可全部降解,COD去除率达到99.0%以上.Sb2O5掺杂TiO2催化超声降解有机污染物的方法具有很好的应用前景.     

DCC-Ⅱ装置开停工过程的安全性改进

荆门石化0.8 Mt/a DCC-Ⅱ装置经过几个周期的开停工实践,对开停工过程不断进行改进。这些改进能够提高开停工过程的安全性,减轻对环境的污染,可以避免开停工过程中生产操作事故和施工作业事故的发生,完全适应安全、健康与环境(HSE)管理要求。     

合成锰钾矿型化合物对偶氮染料的脱色研究

利用合成锰钾矿型化合物对酸性橙Ⅱ染料废水进行了脱色研究,讨论了初始溶液酸度、样品投加量、样品粒径大小、反应时间、反应温度等实验条件对脱色率的影响;在最佳脱色条件为:25℃条件下,pH值为2.9,粒径160-200目,锰钾矿投加量0.10g,反应2h,对50ml浓度为400mg·l-1酸性橙Ⅱ模拟废水的脱色率可达到95%以上,处理后废水色度为25倍,完全达到了<纺织染整工业污染物排放标准>(GB4287-1992)中的一级标准.通过反应前后锰钾矿比表面积的测定及Mn(Ⅱ)溶出试验研究结果表明,染料与锰钾矿颗粒物的界面发生了氧化还原反应,使染料的发色基团破坏而导致其脱色;另外锰钾矿会吸附小分子物质.据此推断染料废水的脱色是锰钾矿型化合物的吸附性和氧化性共同作用的结果.     

Cr(Ⅵ)对两种黏土矿物在单一及复合溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)吸附的影响

采用批量吸附实验研究了高岭石和蒙脱石两种黏土矿物对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附,利用各种吸附模型分析了两种黏土矿物对单一Cu(Ⅱ)溶液及Cu(Ⅱ)-Cr(Ⅵ)复合溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附机制,同时探讨了pH对两种黏土矿物Cu(Ⅱ)吸附的影响,旨在搞清土壤中重金属的环境化学行为并为土壤中重金属复合污染的修复提供依据.结果表明,高岭石和蒙脱石对单一及复合溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附是一个先快后慢的过程,120 min基本达到吸附平衡;二级动力学方程为描述两种黏土矿物Cu(Ⅱ)吸附的最佳动力学模型(R2>0.983),其次是内表面扩散模型和一级动力学模型.内表面扩散模型和Boyd模型拟合结果均说明发生在矿物边缘和表面的膜扩散作用是影响吸附的限速步骤.高岭石对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附符合Freundlich方程(R2>0.971),说明高岭石表面有多种能量不一致的吸附位点,即为不均匀表面;而蒙脱石对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附符合Langmuir方程(R2>0.983),说明其为单层分子吸附,即化学吸附.两种黏土矿物对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附均随pH的升高呈先升高后下降的趋势,在pH=5.0时达到最大吸附量;且以Q蒙脱石>Q高岭石,Q单一Cu>Q Cu-Cr复合.Cr(Ⅵ)存在会降低Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附,以pH=6.0时Cr(Ⅵ)对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附影响最小.     

Alginate modifies the physiological impact of CeO2 nanoparticles in corn seedlings cultivated in soil

Alginates are naturally occurring components of organic matter in natural soil whose effects on nanoparticle （NP） toxicity to plants is not well understood. In the present study, corn plants were grown for one month in soil spiked with 400 mg/kg CeO2 NPs with various alginate concentrations. After one month of growth in the NPs impacted soil, plants were harvested and analyzed for Ce and mineral element concentrations. Chlorophyll concentration and heat shock protein 70, used as biomarkers for oxidative stress, were also evaluated. Results showed that, compared to CeO2 NPs treatment, alginate at 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg increased Ce concentration in roots by approximately 46%, 38%, and 29% and by 115%, 45%, and 56% in shoots, respectively. CeO 2 NPs without alginate increased Mn accumulation in roots by 34% compared to control. CeO2 NPs with low and medium alginate increased Mn by ca. 92% respect to NPs without alginate and by ca. 155% respect to control. CeO2 NPs without/with alginate significantly increased accumulation of Fe and Al in roots. In addition, alginate at 50 mg/kg increased Zn accumulation in roots by 52% compared to control. In shoots, K increased at all NP treatments but the accumulation of other elements was not affected. Alginate enlarged the impact of CeO2 NPs to corn plants by reducing chlorophyll a content and triggering overexpression of heat shock protein 70.