水体系中EDTA-Fe(Ⅱ)/Ｋ２Ｓ２Ｏ８降解敌草隆的研究

对水体系中EDTA-Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8降解敌草隆的方法进行了研究.在综合考虑经济性和降解率的前提下,提出了反应的最佳条件:K2S2O8初始浓度为2.0 mmol·L-1, Fe(Ⅱ)初始浓度为1.0 mmol·L-1, EDTA初始浓度为0.5 mmol·L-1,反应时间为300 min, pH=7.0,最终0.1 mmol·L-1,敌草隆降解率可达67.6%.同时,采用分子探针竞争实验鉴定了体系中产生的硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基,并采用LC/MS法鉴定了敌草隆的主要降解产物,从而探讨了敌草隆在EDTA-Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8体系中可能的降解途径.     

Photo-induced transformations of Hg(Ⅱ) species in the presence of Nitzschia hantzschiana,ferric ion,and humic acid

Effects of algae Nitzschia hantzschiana, Fe(Ⅲ) ions, humic acid, and pH on the photochemical reduction of Hg(Ⅱ) using the irradiation of metal halide lamps (λ 365 nm, 250 W) were investigated. The photoreduction rate of Hg(Ⅱ) was found to increase with increasing concentrations of algae, Fe(Ⅲ) ions, and humic acid. Alteration of pH value affected the photoreduction of Hg(Ⅱ) in aqueous solution with or without algae. The photoreduction rate of Hg(II) decreased with increasing initial Hg(Ⅱ) concentration in aqueous solution in the presence of algae. The photochemical kinetics of initial Hg(Ⅱ) and algae concentrations on the photoreduction of Hg(Ⅱ) were studied at pH 7.0. The study on the total Hg mass balance in terms of photochemical process revealed that more than 42% of Hg(Ⅱ) from the algal suspension was reduced to volatile metallic Hg under the conditions investigated.     

Sequestration of toxic Pb（II） ions by chemically treated rubber （Hevea brasiliensis ） leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4–5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb(II) ions (23 mg/L) could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time (60–90 min) was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

SO2吸入对大鼠海马组织炎性因子水平、钙稳态和即早基因表达的影响

采用动式熏气法研究了不同浓度SO2(7、14、28和56 mg·m-3)吸入对大鼠海马组织炎性因子白介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,Ⅱ-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor Necrosis Factor-a,TNF-a)水平、神经元胞内游离Ca2 浓度以及即早基因c-fos和e-jun mRNA表达的影响,结果表明:SO,可造成海马组织Ⅱ-1β(p<0.01)和TNF-α(p<0.05)水平显著增高,但低浓度下(7、14 mg·m-3)作用较为明显;so2可显著增加神经元胞内钙离子浓度,上调c-fos和c-jun mRNA的表达,且呈现出明显的剂量-效应关系.这一结果从整体水平上说明了SO2对中枢神经系统的损伤效应,并提示其可能的分子机制与炎性反应、钙离子稳态及即早基因表达相关.     

二氧化钛悬浮体系中几种不同结构染料的光催化降解实验

以钛酸丁酯为原料,乙醇为溶剂,利用溶胶凝胶法制备纳米TiO2微粒。以紫外灯为光源,以橙黄Ⅱ、酸性品红和亚甲基蓝溶液为降解对象,实验考察了纳米TiO2微粒的光催化活性,同时比较了不同结构的染料的降解效果。结果表明:自制的纳米TiO2对染料废水具有明显的降解,不同结构的染料中,具有单偶氮结构的染料橙黄Ⅱ的降解效果最好。     

煤渣对染料酸性橙Ⅱ废水的脱色研究

采用煤渣对酸性橙Ⅱ模拟废水进行吸附脱色处理,考察了煤渣粒径、吸附时间、酸性橙Ⅱ初始浓度、煤渣投加量和pH值对吸附效果的影响,测定了吸附等温线。结果表明,在酸性橙Ⅱ初始浓度为100mg/L、不调节pH值的情况下,采用20g/L的煤渣作吸附剂,可有效解决酸性橙Ⅱ废水的脱色问题,脱色率可达97%以上。煤渣对水中染料酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附规律可较好地采用Freundlich和Langmuir模式描述。为使出水浊度符合国家标准,又将煤渣与PAC复合使用处理酸性橙Ⅱ模拟废水。结果表明,加入10mg/L的PAC后,出水色度和浊度均可达到国家排放标准。     

物元法在苏州市第Ⅱ承压地下水水质评价中的应用

本文在物元分析理论的基础上,将水质量标准、评价指标及其特征值作为物元,并以苏州市第Ⅱ承压地下水为例进行了水质评价.通过建立评价模型,对评价标准及实测数据进行归一化,得到模型的经典域、节域、权系数及关联度,评价结果表明,苏州市大部分第Ⅱ承压地下水水质优良,达到了Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水,未遭受外来物质的污染,评价结果符合实际情况.     

掺硼铁氧化物在紫外-可见光下的催化性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备不同掺硼量的针铁矿和赤铁矿催化剂,并用X射线衍射图谱（XRD）、比表面积（BET法）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（DRS）及电荷零点（盐滴定法）对催化剂进行表征.结果表明：硼掺杂能改变催化剂的晶体结构,增大其比表面积和Lewis表面酸度,并能提高催化剂的紫外-可见光活性.在紫外光下,掺硼质量分数2%的赤铁矿对...     

活性炭/高分子复合水凝胶对水中亚甲基蓝和Cu(Ⅱ)的去除性能

采用活性炭/海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶(CAP)为吸附剂,以水溶液中的亚甲基蓝(MB)和Cu~(2+)为目标污染物,考察了固液比、p H、温度、反应时间、MB和Cu~(2+)的初始浓度等因素对吸附过程的影响.通过SEM、FTIR、BET等手段对CAP物化性质进行了表征.结果表明,CAP内部呈现互穿的三维网络多孔结构,成功复合了活性炭,具有丰富的—COOH和—OH官能团,比表面积可达112.7 m~2·g~(-1).CAP对MB和Cu~(2+)的吸附量随着固液比、温度的增大而降低,随着溶液初始p H的升高而增大;吸附属于Langmuir单层吸附,对MB和Cu~(2+)的最大吸附量分别为1 940.75 mg·g~(-1)和190.48 mg·g~(-1);反应时间在5 h内吸附量可达最大吸附量的90%,吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程;活性炭/高分子复合水凝胶经过5次吸附-脱附循环再生后,仍能保持优异的吸附性能.     

BiOCl-(NH4)3PW12O40复合光催化剂制备及其光催化降解污染物机制

光生电子和空穴的分离效率是影响光催化性能的重要因素.氯氧铋是典型的层状纳米光催化剂,却因光生电子和空穴的快速复合所表现出的低量子效率而受到使用限制.本文通过两步的水热法合成了BiOCl-(NH_4)_3PW_(12)O_(40)复合光催化剂.以甲基橙(MO)为模拟污染物进行光催化活性测试.结果表明,在氙灯模拟的太阳光照射下,Bi与W的原子比为1∶1时,其催化效果最佳.通过自由基猝灭实验对催化剂光降解MO的催化机制进行了研究,发现BiOCl是由空穴,羟基自由基和超氧自由基共同作用来对MO进行降解;而复合催化剂则主要以羟基自由基和超氧自由基为活性物种来降解MO.通过对反应前后的催化剂进行XPS分析,证明了磷钨酸铵可以接收BiOCl产生的光生电子.通过光电流测试,表明复合光催化剂的光生电子的转移和分离效率有了较大的提高,从而提高了光催化活性.