Mechanism of enhanced removal of quinonic intermediates during electrochemical oxidation of Orange Ⅱ under ultraviolet irradiation

The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on generation of radicals and formation of intermediates was investigated in electrochemical oxidation of the azo-dye Orange I1 using a TiO2-modified β- PbO2 electrode. It was found that a characteristic absorbance of quinonic compounds at 255 nm, which is responsible for the rate-determining step during aromatics degradation, was formed only in electrocatalytic oxidation. The dye can be oxidized by either HO radicals or direct electron transfer. Quinonic compounds were produced concurrently. The removal of TOC by photo-assisted electrocatalytic oxidation was 1.56 times that of the sum of the other two processes, indicating a significant synergetic effect. In addition, once the ultraviolet irradiation was introduced into the process of electrocatalytic oxidation, the degradation rate of quinonic compounds was enhanced by as much as a factor of two. The more efficient generation of HO radicals resulted from the introduction of ultraviolet irradiation in electrocatalytic oxidation led to the significant synergetic effect as well as the inhibiting effect on the accumulation of quinonic compounds.     

Characterization and reactivity of biogenic manganese oxides for ciprofloxacin oxidation

Biogenic manganese oxides （BioMnOx） were synthesized by the oxidation of Mn（II） with Mn- oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas sp. G7 under different initial pH values and Mn（II） dosages, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The crystal structure and Mn oxidation states of BioMnOx depended on the initial pH and Mn（lI） dosages of the medium. The superoxide radical （O2） was observed in Mn-containing （III/IV） BioMnOx suspensions by electron spin resonance measurements. BioMnOx（0.4）-7, with mixed valence of Mn（II/III/IV） and the strongest O~- signals, was prepared in the initial pH 7 and Mn（II） dosage of 0.4 mmol/L condition, and exhibited the highest activity for ciproftoxacin degradation and no Mn（II） release. During the degradation of ciprofloxacin, the oxidation of the Mn（II） formed came from biotic and abiotic reactions in BioMnOx suspensions on the basis of the Mn（II） release and O2- formation from different BioMnOx. The degradation process of ciprofloxacin was shown to involve the cleavage of the hexatomic ring having a secondary amine and carbon-carbon double bond connected to a carboxyl group, producing several compounds containing amine groups as well as small organic acids.     

生物质炭对孔雀石绿和酸性橙的吸附研究

文章以生物质炭为吸附剂,研究了其对以孔雀石绿和酸性橙Ⅱ两种染料作为水污染物时的吸附行为,并且探讨了初始浓度、温度、离子强度及溶液p H值等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明吸附符合准二级动力学方程;离子强度对吸附效果贡献不大;随着p H值的增加,生物质炭对孔雀石绿的吸附量增加,而对酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附量降低;吸附热力学研究表明,吸附过程为自发的吸热反应,用Langmuir方程能够更好地对吸附等温线进行拟合。     

邻苯二酚荧光法测定垃圾渗滤液中的金属锰（Ⅱ）

在PH约为2.3条件下,锰（VII）与邻苯二酚发生氧化还原作用,致使邻苯二酚的荧光（λex/λem=278nm/318nm）发生猝灭,且体系的荧光猝灭程度与锰（II）的浓度在一定范围呈现良好的线性关系,基于此可建立测定锰（II）的荧光分析方法。本文详细研究了其反应的特性和影响因素,在优化的试验条件下,测定锰浓度的线性范围是2×10-8mol/L-3×10-4mol/L,检出限为2×10-9mol/L。RSD=1.0%,常见离子不干扰测定。该方法稳定性好,简便易行,快速准确,有很好的选择性和很高的灵敏度,成功应用于垃圾渗滤液样品中锰（Ⅱ）的测定,实验结果令人满意。     

硝酸铁-过硫酸盐改性 GAC催化 H2 O2氧化橙黄Ⅳ

通过浸渍法在活性炭上负载硝酸铁、过硫酸盐对活性炭进行改性,以此为催化剂催化过氧化氢氧化去除有机废水橙黄Ⅳ.研究了体系pH值、催化剂投加量、反应温度、橙黄Ⅳ以及H2O2初始浓度等因素对橙黄Ⅳ去除率的影响,并对该催化剂重复使用性能进行测试.结果表明,硫的掺杂可以显著地提高硝酸铁改性活性炭的催化活性.目标物的初始浓度越低,反应速率越快,该反应遵循二级反应动力学,反应的活化能Ea为68.19 kJ.mol-1.在pH值2.4～9.1的范围内,催化剂均能有效地对橙黄Ⅳ进行催化降解.随着催化剂投量的增加,橙黄Ⅳ的去除效率明显提高,催化剂重复使用6次仍具有较好的催化活性,去除率仍可达到70%以上.自由基实验表明该氧化体系主要遵循自由基作用机制.     

胶体金免疫层析试纸条检测环境样品中的镉(Ⅱ)

研制了大米及河水样品中镉残留的胶体金免疫层析快速检测试纸条。实验结果表明,制备的试纸条对Cd(Ⅱ)-EDTA标准溶液的最低检测限为20μg/L;除了与Hg(Ⅱ)-EDTA及Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA轻微交叉反应外,与Cr(Ⅱ)-EDTA、Pb(Ⅱ)-EDTA、Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA等金属螯合物无交叉反应;试纸条在常温下放置18周稳定性良好;对河水及大米中Cd(Ⅱ)的最低检测限分别为5μg/L和0.5μg/g,与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)的检测结果一致。胶体金免疫层析试纸条法操作简便,能满足样品的检测要求,适用于污染地区大米及河水样品中重金属Cd(Ⅱ)残留的快速检测。     

燃烧Ⅱ类无烟煤循环流化床锅炉配套电除尘器的探讨与实践

介绍无烟煤和循环流化床（CFB）锅炉的特点及其烟尘特性，通过几个工程实例，分析其对电除尘器除尘效率的影响。针对燃烧无烟煤的CFB锅炉，讨论其配套电除尘器的选型设计     

Ⅱ类无烟煤循环流化床工业锅炉的研制探讨

本文结合Ⅱ类无烟煤的特点，主要对无烟煤特别是低挥发分Ⅱ类无烟煤循环流化床工业锅炉的设计研制进行了探讨。     

单柱离子色谱法测定碱金属和碱土金属

本文介绍用ZIC-ⅡA型离子色谱仪测定碱金属和碱土金属,及其离子色谱性能.     

磁性Fe3O4-CuO非均相活化过碳酸钠降解AO7

采用一步水热法合成了可磁性回收的Fe₃O₄-CuO材料并通过SEM-EDS和XRD进行表征.利用Fe₃O₄-CuO活化过碳酸盐（SPC）降解偶氮染料AO7,探究了Fe₃O₄-CuO投加量、SPC初始浓度、初始pH值和背景氯离子对Fe₃O₄-CuO/SPC体系降解AO7的影响,分析了体系的主要反应机理.实验结果表明,Fe₃O₄-CuO可以活化SPC降解AO7,反应随Fe₃O₄-CuO和SPC投加量的增加而加快,但过高的SPC投加量反而抑制AO7的降解.由于SPC的缓冲能力,该体系拥有广泛的pH适应能力且反应随着初始pH的升高而加快.染料废水中常见的Cl^-对AO7的降解有促进作用,Cl^-浓度越高降解速度越快.AO7的降解主要发生在材料表面,反应的主要活性物种为·OH,Fe₃O₄-CuO重复使用4次后依旧保持较高的催化活性体现了其良好的稳定性.该体系对AO7具有优异的脱色能力和较好的矿化效果.