自动电位滴定法测定气田废水中的Cl^-

利用电位滴定法在716DWS型自动电位滴定仪上实现对气田废水中Cl^-的快速、灵敏、准确测定,避免了色度、浊度的干扰。对方法的检出限、标样和实际水样精密度、准确度,进行了全面的测定分析,并与硝酸银滴定渣进行了对比。氯化物的检出限为0.32mg/L,相时标准偏差小于2．1％,加标回收率在98．9％～101％范围内,对同一标样和实际样口的测定两途中方法的结果吻合较好。     

南通长江口北支咸潮上溯对水环境的影响

针对长江口北支近20多年来咸潮超常上溯的状况,通过现场调查监测及与文献资料对比,分析了咸潮上溯对水源地供水水质、河口区河道水质和地下水水质的影响。结果表明,长江口北支咸潮上溯对北支水环境影响主要在于入侵时水体中电导率和氯化物浓度急剧升高,一定程度上影响了北支沿线水源地的供水功能。咸潮对现有水质评价体系下的水质类别影响尚不明显,但高氯离子对化学需氧量的测定有明显的干扰。由于受堤围和水闸控制,咸潮期间入江闸门普遍关闭,导致间接水环境影响,主要集中在入海主河道。部分区域咸潮上溯严重时氯化物浓度升高,水质已不能满足农田灌溉需求。北支沿线启东市24%的地下水采样点氯化物浓度已属轻度入侵水,采样区域已属于海水轻度入侵范围。     

Speciation evolutions of target metals （Cd,Pb） influenced by chlorine and sulfur during sewage sludge incineration

In sludge incineration, the thermal behavior of heavy metal is a growing concern. In this work, the combined analysis of metal partitioning behavior between vapor phase and condensed phase, speciation redistribu- tion in condensed phase and the difference of metal species in binding energy was carried out to investigate the possible volatilization-condensation mechanism of heavy metals in high-temperature sludge incineration. It was found that there were two steps in metal volatilization. The initial volatilization of heavy metal originated from their exchangeable （EXC）, carbonate bound （CAR） and iron- manganese bound （FM） fractions, which is primarily composed of simple substance, chlorides, oxides and sulfides. With the increase of chlorine and sulfur in sludge, the inner speciation redistribution of heavy metals occurred in condensed phase, which was an important factor affecting the potential volatility of heavy metals. A partial of metal species with complexed （COM） and residual （RES） fractions gradually decomposed into simple substance or ions, oxides and carbonates, which signifi- cantly strengthened the second volatility. In presence of chlorine, about 46% of Cd with the RES fraction disappeared when the volatility rate of Cd increased by 44.89%. Moreover, about 9% of Pb with COM fraction disappeared when there was an increase of nearly 10% in the volatilization rate. Thus, the second volatilization was mainly controlled by the decomposition of metal species with COM and RES fractions. By virtue of XRD analysis and the binding energy calculation, it was found that metal complex and silicates were inclined to decompose under high temperature due to poor thermo stability as compared with sulfates.     

应用蚕豆微核技术对煤矿塌陷塘水质的监测

用蚕豆微核技术对淮南大通和谢二煤矿塌陷塘的水体水质进行监测,同时测定了水体的氯化物、电导率、CODCr、BOD5、DO和总磷、总氮。结果表明:大通和谢二煤矿塌陷塘水质已经受到中度污染;蚕豆微核技术与氯化物、电导率、CODCr、BOD5、DO和总磷、总氮具有一定的相关性。     

绿色化工企业是怎样炼成的——山东金岭集团有限公司节能减排纪实

正山东金岭集团有限公司坐落于美丽富饶的黄河三角洲南端的齐鲁明珠——东营市广饶县大王镇,是一家以基础化工、热电能源、房地产开发、餐饮服务、金融服务为主导产业的大型企业,现拥有总资产130亿元,员工5000余名。公司生产设备先进,技术力量雄厚,质保体系完善,检测手段齐全,产品质量稳定,售后服务周到,先后通过ISO9001质量管理体系认证,ISO14001国际     

Involvement of chloride anion in photocatalytic process

The effect of Cl^- on photocatalytic degradation（PCD） of pollutants is an important factor since it is ubiquitous in nature. In general, Cl^- showed an inhibition on photodegradation due to its scavenging HO- radicals. In this paper, experiments were carried out to examine the effects of CI on the PCD of Methylene Blue （MB） and Orange II （OII） in aqueous TiO2 suspensions under UV light illumination. It was found that low concentration of Cl^- （ 〈 0.01 mol/L） showed little influence on both dyes, however, high concentration of Cl^- （ 〉 0.10 mol/L） had a very different influence on the decolorization of dyes： a significant inhibition for MB but a great promotion for Oll. In the presence of 0.50 mol/L Cl^- , the rate decreased by 70% for MB while increased 7.5-fold for Oll. Furthermore, two bands in the ultraviolet region of Oll were rapidly broken down. The proposed mechanism was discussed in detail.     

纳米双金属体系催化降解有机氯化物研究进展

综述了国内外在双金属体系催化降解氯代芳香烃及衍生物、氯代脂肪烃、有机氯农药等有机氯化物领域的研究情况,简要分析了纳米双金属体系的还原脱氯反应机理和优缺点,并讨论了该研究领域的发展前景。     

某碱渣堆放场对岩溶地下水的影响分析

结合某碱渣堆放场的水文地质状况,通过模拟试验,探讨了碱渣堆放场对岩溶地下水的影响。结果表明,碱渣场在冲灰水和大气降水的浸泡、淋滤作用下,其中的氯化物和钙镁盐类大量析出并随碱渣废液一起下渗,石灰岩碎石对氯化物有一定的吸附作用,但能力微弱。据试验数据分析认为,该渣场是焦作市北中部岩溶地下水中氯化物浓度和总硬度持续升高的主要原因。     

离子选择电极法测定水中氯化物

采用离子选择电极法测定水中氯化物,通过试验确定参比溶液、离子强度调节剂的配制,并用添加氯离子氧化剂和离子浓度调节剂的方法排除干扰离子对测定的影响,使得复合氯离子电极测得的能斯特曲线响应系数为93．2％。标准品的加标回收率为99．8％±0．6％,测定结果的 RSD为0．4％。用该方法与国标硝酸银滴定法同时测定实际水样,两方法的测定值绝对误差在允许范围内。     

电化学氧化与厌氧技术联用处理垃圾渗沥水

采用电化学氧化与上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)结合技术,提出了处理香港垃圾渗沥水的二步法工艺.对含COD和NH₃-N分别为4750mg/L和1310mg/L的垃圾渗沥水,首先进行UASB预处理(消化温度37℃,COD负荷0.78g/(L·d),HRT为6.1d),获得了66%的COD去除率;UASB的出水被引入电化学氧化反应器进行深度处理.在外加Cl 2000mg/L,电流密度为32.3mA/cm²的条件下,经6h的电解间接氧化,COD和NH₃-N的去除率分别达到87%和100%,出水的COD为209mg/L,并且不含NH3-N,此过程的COD电能消耗＜55kW·h/kg.本文讨论了电化学氧化过程中电极反应原理,各实验参数对COD和NH₃-N去除率的影响,以及电能消耗与运行成本评估等.