不同反应条件对污泥水热碳化脱水性能的影响

随着城市化进程的加快,我国剩余活性污泥的产生量逐年增加,活性污泥中的胞外聚合物EPS含黏性蛋白类物质并高度亲水,因此破坏污泥絮体、释放和水解黏性有机物是改善污泥脱水性能的有效途径。通过分析水热碳化调理前后污泥比阻(SRF)、黏度(μ)、絮体形态特征及上清液的理化性质,考察了温度、时间以及促进剂Fe_2(SO_4)_3对水热碳化污泥脱水性能的影响。结果表明:反应温度为220℃、反应时间为2 h、Fe_2(SO_4)_3浓度为0. 5 mol/L时的水热碳化处理,污泥的脱水性能最好,比阻和黏度分别比对照组降低了97. 7%和98. 7%。水热碳化的高温高压环境破坏了污泥的絮体,使污泥胶体结构的内聚力降低,污泥的脱水性能得到改善。     

铜藻基生物炭的水热制备及性能表征

以浙江优势大型海藻之一的铜藻为原料,采用水热炭化法制备了生物炭.同时,通过正交法,以碳回收率和得率为指标,考察了反应时间、反应温度及铜藻与去离子水质量比等因素的影响,确定制备水热炭的最佳工艺条件.结果表明,制备铜藻基水热炭的最佳工艺条件为:反应时间2 h,反应温度180℃,铜藻与去离子水质量比1/4,在此条件下,水热炭的碳回收率为65.0%,得率为51.4%.元素分析、BET、接触角测定和傅里叶红外表征结果表明,铜藻基水热炭比表面积为26.6 m2·g-1,pH值为4.8,具有较高的O/C和较低的C/N,与干法裂解炭相比,其亲水性更强,且表面具有更为丰富的含氧、含氮官能团,灰分含量更低,得率和碳回收率分别提高了53.4%和33.5%.     

活性污泥合成聚羟基烷酸(PHAs)的研究进展

聚羟基烷酸(PHAs)是微生物合成的作为碳源和能源的贮存物。PHA同时也是一种可完全生物降解的塑料,由于其良好的环境效应及机械性能,受到广泛关注。使用活性污泥及廉价基质合成PHA以降低生产成本有很好的应用前景。文章综述了活性污泥合成PHA的最新研究进展,包括活性污泥合成PHA的工艺、影响因素及提高PHA合成量的策略。     

晶化条件对SAPO分子筛合成及性能的影响

用水热晶化法合成SAPO分子筛 ,通过XRD分析表明 ,在原料及合成物料配比不变的条件下 ,采用不同的晶化时间和晶化温度可以合成出纯的SAPO 5分子筛、纯的SAPO 34分子筛以及SAPO 5和SAPO 34的混合物。以不同的SAPO分子筛为载体的催化剂在NO选择性还原为N2 反应中的催化性能也不同 ,并且耐湿热稳定性也不同。     

草甘膦对青鳉鱼卵黄蛋白原的诱导及其潜在分子机理

为了研究草甘膦潜在的雌激素效应,将1~3d的雌雄青鳉幼鱼暴露于不同浓度 (0.2, 2, 20, 200, 2000μg/L)的草甘膦5周,发现雌雄鱼肝脏卵黄蛋白原(VTG I)基因表达分别在0.2, 2, 20μg/L浓度(雌鱼)和2, 20, 200μg/L浓度(雄鱼)下受到显著诱导,但在高浓度下(雌鱼,200μg/L和2000μg/L;雄鱼,2000μg/L)恢复到正常水平.草甘膦诱导雌激素效应的机理存在雌雄差异:雌鱼中雌激素效应主要由于草甘膦诱导了脑部FSH和性腺CYP19A基因,从而增加了雌激素合成能力.雄鱼中主要由于草甘膦抑制肝脏中雌激素代谢酶 (CYP1A、CYP1B和CYP3A)而显示雌激素效应.     

废弃锂离子电池中金属的回收及钴酸锂的湿法合成

采用湿法回收并合成锂离子电池中钴酸锂。考察了不同的有机溶剂溶解粘结剂PVDF、不同酸浸条件对钴酸锂浸出效果的影响、碳酸钴和碳酸锂共沉淀物的焙烧条件,并对所获得的钴酸锂进行结构分析。结果表明,N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）作为溶解PVDF的溶剂效果最佳;当硫酸浓度6％、固液比1：30、30％的H2O：1．4mL／g、温度80℃、反应120min时为硫酸浸出最佳条件,此时钴的浸出率为92．3％,锂的浸出率为92．0％;合成LiCoO2时的焙烧温度在750℃较为合适。SEM分析表明,颗粒粒度小,分散性好。     

多氯二苯并-对-二噁英(PCDDs)半定量标准的制备

以热聚法合成,柱色谱纯化,配制了几种PCDDs的半定量标准,并对其进行了评价。     

合成塑料的生物降解性及其检测

前言近年来,大量合成塑料的生产和应用使得遗弃于环境中的塑料品量急剧增多,如田间遗弃的废农膜、铁路沿线遗弃的软包装饮料容器等。塑料品的环境污染、破坏生态平衡问题已为世人瞩目。由于大多数合成塑料是难于生物降解的,有人提出对未来的考古学家来说,塑料瓶和薄膜将成为二十世纪的“特征化石”。确实,遗弃的废塑料品的大     

Effect of bio-surfactant on municipal solid waste composting process

Bio-surfactant is a new type of surfactant that is produced in microbial metabolism. Adding bio-surfactant during composting process, especially to those contain some toxic substances, has been proved to be a promising way. In this study, Strains Ⅲ(2), a bacterial with high activity to produce bio-surfactant, were isolated firstly. Following comparison experiments with and without adding Strains Ⅲ(2), namely Run 1 and Run R, were conducted, respectively. The experimental results showed that, by adding Strains Ⅲ (2),the surface tension could reduce from 46.5 mN/m to 39.8 mN/m and the corresponding time to maintain the surface tension under 50 mN/m could prolong from 60 h to 90 h. The oxygen uptake rate and total accumulated oxygen consumption with Stains Ⅲ (2) were both higher than those without Strains Ⅲ (2), while the accumulation of H2S in outlet gas was reduced to around 50% of Run R. Moreover, two additional experiments were also carried out to examine the effects of strains coming from different systems. One is adding Strains Ⅲ (2)with a dose of 0.4% (Run 2), and the other is seedling commercial Strains at the same conditions, the composting experiments showed that: Run 2 was more effective than Run 3, because the commercial Strains can be suppressed significantly in a complex composting system with different pH, high temperature and some of metals. The bio-surfactant was also added into the solid waste, which contained some toxic substances, the corresponding results showed that the remove rate of Hg and sodium pentachlorophenolate(PCP-Na) could be improved highly. Thus, the microenvironment, reactionrate and composting quality could be enhanced effectively by adding bio-surfactant to the composting process.