光照对固定化菌藻去除市政污水有机物的研究

通过动态实验,研究了全天光照、半天光照、无光照不同光照时间下以及二极管光源和日光灯光源不同光源条件下,固定化菌藻共生系统对模拟生活污水中有机物去除的影响,结果表明：24h全光照、12h半光照及黑暗条件下固定化菌藻对有机物去除差别不大,二极管光源照射下固定化菌藻对有机物去除的适应性及能耗优于日光灯光源。     

微囊藻毒素去除技术研究进展

简述了微囊藻毒素的结构、性质,重点综述和分析了国内外微囊藻毒素去除的技术和方法,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

O2与Fe(Ò )协同作用氧化和去除As(ó )

在中性无氧水环境中,以O2为氧化剂,研究不同Fe（Ⅱ）和As（Ⅲ）比值（下文中简称Fe/As比值）条件下As（Ⅲ）的氧化去除效率及机理.实验发现,在O2与Fe（Ⅱ）共存的条件下,约3~4d时间内80%左右的As（Ⅲ）被去除,6~8d后,反应趋于稳定.当Fe/As=20时,As（Ⅲ）去除率达到95%左右,当Fe/As≥30时,去除率可达到99.5%以上.研究表明,无铁水环境中O2对砷的氧化速率是极其缓慢的,而有铁存在时氧化效率可大大提高.     

凹凸棒复合滤料去除水中Cr（Ⅵ）试验研究

通过静态和动态吸附实验,研究了凹凸棒复合滤料对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效果。静态实验结果表明,在实验范围内,凹凸棒复合滤料对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程来描述,但更符合Freundlich方程,相关系数为0.989 2;动态实验结果表明,随着pH值、水力负荷和进水浓度的增加,凹凸棒复合滤料对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附率呈下降趋势。     

盐度抑制下的MUCT处理效能及其微生物种群变化

研究盐度对活性污泥处理系统及其处理效能的影响,对生物处理含盐污水工程的设计与实施具有重要意义.本试验采用MUCT工艺处理含盐生活污水,在淡水以及5、 8、 10 和15　g/L等不同NaCl盐度水平下,研究了盐度对生物处理的综合影响.结果表明,相对有机物而言,盐度对营养污染物去除抑制更强烈.当进水盐度超过8　g/L后,MUCT总磷去除率从淡水的92%下降到72%,总氮的去除效率从75%下降到62%.当盐度超过15　g/L,好氧异养菌数量开始减少,导致有机物去除率的下降.在盐度的抑制下,强化生物除磷系统的特异反应表现为：①当盐度超过8 g/L,好氧池内发生了显著的亚硝酸积累（超过80%的积累率）.高亚硝酸盐积累刺激了反硝化亚硝酸盐吸磷的发生;②随着盐度的升高,厌氧放磷消耗的有机物量逐渐提高.试验进一步研究了盐度影响下微生物种群结构的变化,为理解盐度影响的本质提供了依据.     

Influence of the wastewater composition on denitrification and biological P-removal in the S-DN-P process： （c） Dissolved and undissolved substrates

The denitrification and P-removal in the sorption-denitrification-P-removal (S-DN-P) process were carried out under various wastewater compositions. It is noted that P-removal largely depends on the wastewater composition as well to the quantity of the substrates present in wastewater fraction. Three different wastewater fractions are obtained as: raw wastewater, dissolved wastewater (obtained with filtration using 0.45 μm filter), and undissolved wastewater (i.e., infiltrate obtained by above filtration). ...     

Enhanced removal of organics by permanganate preoxidation using tannic acid as a model compound – Role of in situ formed manganese dioxide

The effect of permanganate preoxidation on organic matter removal during the coagulation with aluminum chloride was investigated using tannic acid as a model compound. Results showed that a small amount of KMnO4 (0.75 mg/L) increased the removal efficiency of tannic acid up to 20%, as compared to the process of coagulation by aluminum chloride alone. The key factor enhancing the removal efficiency of tannic acid in preoxidation process was the in situ formation of a reductant manganese dioxide. The complexation model was used to describe the reaction between MnO2 and tannic acid. Under weak pH condition, tannic acid was difficult to be adsorbed by MnO2 due to the static electrical repulsive forces. The presence of Ca2+ served as a bridge to hold the negative charged MnO2 and tannic acid together, which could be a crucial factor influencing tannic acid adsorption by in-situ manganese dioxide.     

Heterotrophic ammonium removal characteristics of an aerobic heterotrophic nitrifying-denitrifying bacterium, Providencia rettgeri YL

Bacterium Providencia rettgeri YL was found to exhibit an unusual ability to heterotrophically nitrify and aerobically denitrify various concentrations of ammonium (NH₄⁺-N). In order to further understand its removal ability, several experiments were conducted to identify the growth and ammonium removal response at different carbon to nitrogen (C/N) mass ratios, shaking speeds, temperatures, ammonium concentrations and to qualitatively verify the production of nitrogen gas using gas chromatography techniques. Results showed that under optimum conditions (C/N 10, 30°C, 120 r/min), YL can significantly remove low and high concentrations of ammonium within 12 to 48 h of growth, respectively. The nitrification products hydroxylamine (NH₂OH), nitrite (NO₂⁻) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) as well as the denitrification product, nitrogen gas (N₂), were detected under completely aerobic conditions.     

苏州河梦清园人工湿地净化效果模拟研究

人工湿地数学模型和计算机模拟在国内外逐渐成为评估湿地污染物去除效果的有效工具.为可靠有效的预测较大型人工湿地对各污染物的长期去除效果,科学优化人工湿地的设计方法,深入系统和定量化研究人工湿地对各污染物的去除机理,采用美国陆军工程兵团开发的PREWET湿地模型软件,通过将城市大型人工湿地--苏州河梦清园的TSS、BOD、TN和TP出水实测结果与模拟值比较,以及调整参数对模型进行率定和验证,对人工湿地处理过程进行了模型模拟研究,取得了较好的预测结果.讨论了人工湿地的优化设计.     

活性污泥法对水溶性腐殖酸的去除效能与机制研究

采用人工配水的方式,研究了单级活性污泥法和两级活性污泥法对水溶性腐殖酸的去除效能,并通过测试污泥中腐殖酸的相对含量、污泥的元素组成、污泥的活性和进出水腐殖酸的分子量分布.对去除机制作了初步探讨.结果表明,在单级活性污泥处理系统中,不同浓度的腐殖酸均未对可生物降解有机物的去除构成影响,并且腐殖酸的去除率维持在67%-84%.随进水中腐殖酸浓度的增加去除率有所下降;通过两级活性污泥法试验.发现第l级活性污泥系统对腐殖酸的去除效果优于第2级.分别为71.3%和60.1%.且活性污泥系统对大分子量腐殖酸的去除效果优于小分子量腐殖酸.机制分析表明,腐殖酸难以作为微生物生长所需的碳源.主要依靠污泥吸附的方式,使水相中的腐殖酸进入泥相,再通过剩余污泥排放的方式去除.