海藻酸钙/生物炭复合材料的制备及其对Pb (Ⅱ)的吸附性能和机制

利用海藻酸钙(CA)包覆生物炭(BC)制备了一种新型复合材料(CA/BC),用以吸附水溶液中的Pb(Ⅱ).系统研究了溶液的初始浓度、p H、时间对吸附的影响.BC和CA/BC吸附Pb(Ⅱ)等温热力学数据符合Langmuir模型,在p H=5的条件下对Pb(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量分别为93.20 mg·g~(-1)和155.04 mg·g~(-1).BC吸附Pb(Ⅱ)动力学数据符合准二级动力学模型,化学吸附是速率控制步骤.CA/BC吸附Pb(Ⅱ)动力学数据符合准一级动力学模型,扩散是速率控制步骤.结果表明CA/BC吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的机制主要包括形成配合物,以及Ca(Ⅱ)与Pb(Ⅱ)发生离子交换.     

两种大型海藻自然环境下的营养动力学研究

在室外条件下,对菊花江蓠(Gracilaria lichenoides)及龙须菜(G.Lemaneiformis)的N、P吸收动力学及生长动力学进行了研究.两海藻对NO3-N、NH4-N及PO4-P的最大吸收速率(Vmax)分别为55.88、35.17 μmol/(g·h)、3.106 μmol/(g·h)和53.17、32.24 、3.064 μmol/(g·h);半饱和常数(Ks)分别为7.762、3.414 、0.222 μmol/L和6.331、2.345、0.110 μmol/L,两海藻对N营养的竞争能力相似;从生长动力学结果看:菊花江蓠N、P的最大生长浓度为60 和30 μmol/L,龙须菜为100和40 μmol/L.     

海藻提取物EClean生物工程技术处理富营养型地表水

以北京动物园的地表水为例,利用引进的海藻提取物EC lean生物工程技术对富营养化地表水进行处理试验研究。试验结果表明:应用此项技术有效降低了水体的浊度、COD和BOD5,水体脱氮降磷明显,藻类细胞密度下降,水体富营养化得到控制,减轻了“水华”藻类的危害。此技术在北京动物园富营养化水体的治理上表现出明显的应用效果。     

环境污染危及海洋生物

在中东地区有一个死海,那片水域中由于盐分太多而没有任何生命存在。死海其实不过是一个内陆湖泊,并非全球海洋的一部分。科学家在对全球海洋进行探索时发现,海洋中也有     

Ultraviolet irradiation induced oxidative stress and response of antioxidant system in an intertidal macroalgae Corallina o cinalis L.

The response of the antioxidant defense system of an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L. to different dosages of UV-B irradiation was investigated. Results showed that superoxide dimutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) increased and then maintained at a relatively stable level when subjected to UV-B irradiation. Catalase (CAT) activity under medium dosage of UV-B irradiation (Muv) and high dosage of UV-B irradiation (Huv) treatments were significantly decreased. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity first remained unaltered and then increased in Huv treatment. In addition, the assay on isozymes was carried out using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The activities of some SOD isoforms were altered by UV-B. Two new bands (POX V and POX Ⅶ) appeared upon exposure to all three UV-B dosages. CAT Ⅲ activity was increased by low dosage of UV-B irradiation (Luv),whereas CAT Ⅲ and CAT Ⅳ disappeared when the alga was exposed to Muv and Huv. Two bands of APX (APX Ⅵ and APX Ⅶ)were increased and a new band (APX X) was observed under Huv exposure. H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS)increased under Muv and Huv treatments. Overall, UV-B protection mechanisms are partly inducible and to a certain extent sufficient to prevent the accumulation of damage in C officinalis.     

Catalyzed degradation of disperse dyes by calcium alginate-pectin entrapped bitter gourd （Momordica charantia） peroxidase

Calcium-alginate pectin entrapped bitter gourd peroxidase (BGP) has been employed for the treatment of disperse dyes: Disperse Brown 1 (DB 1) and Disperse Red 17 (DR 17). Peroxidase alone was unable to decolorize DR 17 and DB 1. However, the investigated dyes were decolorized maximally by BGP in the presence of 0.2 mmol/L redox mediator, violuric acid (VA). A slow decrease in percent decolorization was observed when VA concentration was higher than 0.2 mmol/L which could likely be due to the high reactivity of its aminoxyl radical (> N–O.) intermediate, that might undergo chemical reactions with aromatic amino acid side chains of the enzyme thereby inactivating it. Maximum decolorization of the dyes was observed at pH 3.0 and 40°C within 2 hr of incubation. Immobilized peroxidase decolorized 98% DR 17 and 71% DB 1 using 35 U of BGP in batch process in 90 min. Immobilized enzyme decolorized 85% DR 17 and 51% DB 1 whereas soluble enzyme decolorized DR 17 to 48% and DB 1 to 30% at 60°C. UV-visible spectral analysis was used to evaluate the degradation of these dyes and their toxicity was tested by Allium cepa test. The generally observed higher stability of the bioaffinity bound enzymes against various forms of inactivation may be related to the specific and strong binding of enzyme with bioaffinity support which prevents the unfolding/denaturation of enzyme. Thus entrapped peroxidase was found to be effective in the decolorization of the investigated dyes.     

海水污染植物修复的研究与应用

我国海洋污染日益严重,植物修复由于具备有效、廉价、不易产生二次污染等优点而逐渐受到重视.海洋藻类和红树植物对海水富营养、重金属、赤潮以及有机物等污染有良好的耐受性和净化能力.本文主要对这两类植物在海洋污染修复中的研究与应用现状进行了综述.     

鼠尾藻和鸭毛藻水提液对三角褐指藻的抑制作用

调查了鼠尾藻Sargassum thunbergii和鸭毛藻Symphyocladia latiuscula水提液对三角褐指藻Phaeodactylum tricornutum 生长的抑制作用.结果表明,海藻水提液明显抑制三角褐指藻生长,并且这种抑制作用来自藻体活性物质(化感物质);鼠尾藻和鸭毛藻的化感物质既溶于水也溶于乙醇,随时间可能被三角褐指藻消耗尽或发生降解,因而抑制作用减弱以至消失,最大抑制发生在接种4 d.鼠尾藻和鸭毛藻水提液抑制三角褐指藻生长的半效应质量浓度(EC_(50,96h))分别为4.37g·L~(-1)和3.59g·L~(-1),暗示三角褐指藻对鸭毛藻水提液抑制的反应更敏感.     

镰刀菌12号固定化细胞降解氰的研究

在镰刀菌12号的培养基中添加氰化物作诱导剂,可显著地提高酶活力,经海藻酸钙固定后相对活性为89.66%。 比较了自然细胞与固定化细胞的某些性质,两种细胞反应的最适温度分别为25—30℃和35—45℃。反应最适pH值为8.0—9.0。固定化细胞较自然细胞热稳定性明显增加。 固定化细胞柱连续处理浓度为500ppm和1000ppmCN-,流速分别为30ml/h和15ml/h,当进水CN-500ppm,连续运转90h,出水CN-<10ppm。