琼枝麒麟菜对富营养化海水氮磷的去除及对水体中Chl a含量的影响

研究了琼枝麒麟菜对富营养化海水氮磷的吸收及其对Chl a的影响。结果表明,养殖琼枝麒麟菜能有效去除富营养化海水中的可溶性无机氮 (DIN)和PO4-P。对DIN的清除,72 h就达到很好的效果,直至几乎耗尽;琼枝麒麟菜优先利用NH4-N,而后是NO3-N和 NO2-N。琼枝麒麟菜对水体中PO4-P的清除效果24 h就十分明显,养殖密度在6 kg/m3以上时PO4-P浓度不会出现回升。养殖琼枝麒麟菜能控制海水中Chl a含量,144 h水体中的Chl a含量达到最低值,养殖密度在4 kg/m3 以上时Chl a 水平不会出现回升。 因此,琼枝麒麟菜是热带海域最理想的净化水质、控制赤潮的经济大型海藻之一。     

Influence of phosphorus on Microcystis growth and the changes of other environmental factors

The growth processes of Microcystis aeruginosa （FACHB-41） in simulated Taihu Lake water with different phosphorus concentrations were investigated using laboratory microcosms. The algal biomass increased with the increase of phosphorus concentration when it was lower than 0.445 mg/L, while the dissolved oxygen （DO） and pH increased, dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN） and light intensity underwater（I） decreased. Responding to the changes of the “environmental factors”, the cellular carbohydrate and its ratio to cellular protein decreased generally as phosphorus increased. However, when phosphorus concentration was higher than l. 645 mg/L, the biomass, the “environmental factors”, the cellular carbohydrate and its ratio to cellular protein did not change likewise. Since the environmental factors and the physiological and biochemical responses are important factors, the change of environmental factors and cell physiology and biochemistry induced by phosphorus may become the key factors that steer the growth and dominance of Microcystis under certain conditions. To sum up, phosphorus not only stimulate the growth of Microcystis directly by supplying nutrient element, but also has complex interactions with other “environmental factors” and play important roles in the growth processes of Microcystis .     

海洋赤潮生物原甲藻对重金属的富集机理

为了探讨海洋赤潮生物原甲藻及其藻壁多糖的重金属富集机理,用赤潮生物海洋原甲藻Prorocentrum micans活藻体和甲醛杀死的藻体分别进行重金属离子Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ag⁺、Cd²⁺的生物吸附实验.重金属生物吸附动力学研究表明,吸附过程可在30min内完成,pH对吸附的影响较大,适宜范围是5.0以上.用热水法提取的藻体多糖对上述6种离子的混合液吸附量约为藻体的5倍,比较藻体与多糖对6种离子的吸附结果可知,藻体对金属离子的吸附主要是藻壁多糖的作用,红外研究表明,-OH和-CONH₂基是吸附的活性中心.机理研究对于利用赤潮生物进行重金属废水处理、赤潮的化学治理以及研究海水中重金属离子的迁移转化规律有重要的意义.     

Copper biosorption on immobilized seaweed biomass： Column breakthrough characteristics

The biosorption of copper by the brown seaweed Sargassum baccularia,immobilized onto polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)gel beads, was investigated with fixed-bed experiments.Laboratory-scale column tests were performed to determine breakthrough curves with varying flow rates and feed concentrations.A theoretical fixed-bed model,known as the Bohart-Adams equation,was evaluated in simulating the experimental breakthrough curves.The Bohart-Adams model qualitatively predicted the breakthrough trends.PVA- immobilized seaweed biomass beads were amenable to efficient regeneration with aqueous solution containing the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA).The biosorbent retained most of its original uptake capacity over three cycles of use.The excellent reusability of the biosorbent could lead to the development of a viable metal remediation technology.     

海藻总氮含量测定方法研究

采用湿法对海带标准样进行消化,并利用碘离子和汞离子在强碱性条件下与氨反应生成红棕色胶态化合物的原理,在其最大吸收波长460 nm处进行了测定.试验同时研究了实验用水、试剂、玻璃器皿、消解过程等多因素对总氮含量测定的影响,并比较了不同消解过程及测定方法对海藻总氮含量测定的差异性.结果表明:纳氏法比传统的凯式定氮法耗时短,相比于海水调查中使用的过硫酸钾氧化法也更为稳定,是一种准确的、操作简便的快速测定方法.     

基于探索性数据分析的大型海藻重金属富集特征

大型海藻对海水中的重金属有较强的吸附作用,是重金属污染的理想指示生物。2017年6月,在枸杞岛海藻场采集到19种大型海藻优势种,使用ICP-MS检测7种重金属（Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb、As和Hg）的含量,结果表明,不同海藻的重金属含量存在显著差异,平均含量顺序为:Zn > As > Cr > Cu > Hg > Pb > Cd。重金属在不同海藻门类中的含量也存在差异,Cu、Cd和As在褐藻中含量较高,红藻中Zn、Cr含量较高,而绿藻中Hg和Pb含量较高。与国内其他海域相比,除Cu、Hg偏高外,枸杞岛海域海藻中其他重金属含量处于中低水平。采用聚类分析的方法,将19种大型海藻分为6类,同一种重金属的富集水平可分为3类。重金属含量相关性分析表明,Cd和As、Pb和Hg之间存在极显著相关,Cu和Pb、Zn和Pb之间存在显著相关。本文通过主成分分析计算可以得出,多管藻类对重金属的综合富集能力最强。     

固定化菌种降解2,6-二叔丁基酚的研究

用前期研究中获得的2,6二叔丁基酚(简2,6DTBP)降解菌(Aeromonassp.),进行了对2,6二叔丁基酚的降解性能等研究。结果表明菌株经固定化包埋后,降解底物2,6DTBP的能力大大提高。在100.0mg/L的初始浓度下其降解率在12d可达到81%。通过对固定化菌株的降解反应过程的动力学分析,其对底物的降解反应符合一级动力学特征,当2,6DTBP初始浓度为100mg/L时,固定化菌种其动力学常数为0.1232,半衰期为5.63day。扫描电镜观察到菌种在海藻酸钙包埋载体中能良好地生长和繁殖。     

叶菜类蔬菜对海藻碘的吸收与积累特征

以叶菜类蔬菜菠菜、大白菜、生菜、香菜、芥菜和雪菜为研究对象,利用海藻固体碘肥和海藻液体碘肥作为外源碘,在露天和大棚栽培条件下进行蔬菜植物碘强化的田间试验,通过分析蔬菜对碘吸收量的动态变化和碘在蔬菜各器官的分布和分配状况,研究了叶菜类蔬菜对外源碘的吸收与积累特征.结果表明,供试叶菜可食部分中碘的含量随着外源碘添加量的增加而增加;随着取样时间的延后,叶菜可食部分中碘的含量呈现出下降的趋势;喷施液体碘肥比土施固体碘肥更有利于叶菜对碘的吸收和积累,前者使吸收的碘大部分积累在叶面,后者则大部分积累在根部.