生物沥浸污泥干化技术

正由北京中科国通环保工程技术有限公司开发的生物沥浸污泥干化技术,适用于污泥的处理处置。主要技术内容一、基本原理采用以自养型微生物为主并配合有少量特异的异养菌组成的微生物菌群,保证了后续污泥干化后有机质的含量,为污泥焚烧、污泥堆肥等处理提供良好的条件。在处理污泥过程中,此类微生物很快替代污泥中原有的持水能力较强的以异养型微生物为主的活性污泥菌体胶团,后者逐渐死亡,从而使更多的毛细管水释放成间隙水或自由水,使污泥脱水性能明显提高。     

辐射干扰下通信接收系统的阻塞性能研究

本文主要在通信接收系统抗阻塞干扰性能方面做分析研究。根据阻塞干扰的原理,分析系统线性度指标,通过建立通信接收系统行为级仿真模型实现阻塞干扰对通信系统的影响,并提出了若干避免和解决阻塞干扰的方法措施。该研究对辐射干扰下通信接收系统的设计和性能分析具有很好的理论指导意义。     

碳纤维含量对球形非金属阻隔防爆材料防爆性能的影响

在临界起爆能和高起爆能条件下,对装填碳纤维含量分别为6.5%、8.0%、9.5%和 11.0%球形非金属阻隔防爆材料的油箱进行等效静爆试验,探究球形非金属阻隔防爆材 料中碳纤维含量对其防爆性能的影响。利用红外热成像仪、高速摄像机分别记录油箱爆 炸火球的温度场参数及爆炸过程,并与未填装阻隔防爆材料的油箱进行对比。试验结果 表明:在临界起爆能条件下,装填4种材料的油箱均有一定阻燃防爆效果,油箱爆炸产 生的燃料云团面积有依次减小的趋势;在高起爆能量条件下,4种材料的外场防爆性能 分数分别为16.93、22.04、32.51、94.18,材料的防爆能力随着碳纤维含量的增加而增 强。     

基于VP-MFC的采煤机摇臂系统齿轮性能退化可靠性分析

齿轮作为采煤机摇臂系统的关键零件,其性能退化对采煤机的工作可靠性有着重要影响。建立了采煤机摇臂系统的刚柔耦合虚拟样机（VP）模型,基于仿真结果,计算得到温度载荷,应用ANSYS对摇臂系统的薄弱齿轮副进行多场耦合（MFC）分析,得到了齿轮的温度场及结构场云图。建立引入裂纹后的齿轮有限元模型,利用FRANC3D对其进行断裂裂纹扩展数值模拟,得到了齿轮的裂纹前缘应力强度因子、扩展轨迹与疲劳寿命。提出以齿轮的裂纹扩展疲劳寿命和可靠度为退化指标的定量评估方法,结果表明齿轮性能退化成指数分布。将虚拟样机、多场耦合与断裂力学相结合,为齿轮性能退化可靠性研究提供了新的方法。     

玉米秸秆和玉米芯生物炭对水溶液中无机氮的吸附性能

为探明玉米秸秆和玉米芯生物炭对水溶液中无机氮的吸附性能,研究了其对NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N的吸附动力学过程;并用等温吸附模型对NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N的吸附过程进行拟合,探讨制得生物炭对无机氮的吸附机理.结果表明,400℃和600℃制得玉米秸秆和玉米芯生物炭均呈碱性,表现为400℃ < 600℃;同种原材料,与400℃制得生物炭相比,600℃制得生物炭碱性含氧官能团数量较多,而酸性含氧官能团数量较少.400℃制得生物炭对NH₄⁺-N的吸附能力较强(玉米秸秆和玉米芯生物炭的平衡吸附量分别为4.22和4.09mg/g);而600℃制得生物炭对NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N的吸附能力较强(玉米秸秆和玉米芯生物炭对NO₃^--N的平衡吸附量分别为0.73和0.63mg/g;对NO₂^--N的平衡吸附量分别为0.55和0.35mg/g).与NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N相比,玉米秸秆和玉米芯生物炭对NH₄⁺-N的吸附能力更强,4种生物炭对NH₄⁺-N的平衡吸附量是NO₃^--N/NO₂^--N的4.29~20.2倍.等温吸附模型拟合研究表明,玉米秸秆和玉米芯生物炭对水溶液中NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N的吸附过程均可用Freundlich模型描述,其在生物炭表面的吸附是多分子层吸附.     

震损钢筋混凝土框架柱加固修复试验研究

以地震损伤钢筋混凝土框架柱为研究对象,重点研究了损伤、加固后的钢筋混凝土框架柱的抗弯、抗震性能及加固措施。设计并制作了6根钢筋混凝土柱试件。第一步,对原试件进行损伤试验;第二步,对损伤柱试件进行碳纤维加固和钢板加固,试验分析加固试件的抗震性能。考虑了不同轴压比与加固方式等参数的影响,对比研究不同轴压比作用下,采用不同加固方式柱试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、耗能、延性及破坏形态等抗震性能,并对不同加固方案的效果进行分析比较,揭示了不同变化参数对加固后柱的抗震性能等指标的影响规律与程度,为我国建筑抗震设计规范和混凝土结构加固规范的修订提供试验和理论参考。     

内置钢板钢筋混凝土组合剪力墙数值模拟

内置钢板钢筋混凝土组合剪力墙具有良好的抗震性能,目前已在超高层建筑中得到越来越多的应用。采用OpenSees程序对普通钢筋混凝土剪力墙和钢板组合剪力墙试验构件进行模拟分析,验证了建模与分析方法的合理性与准确性,分析结果表明,该方法能够较好地模拟组合剪力墙的弹塑性行为。分析了轴压比和配钢率这两个关键参数对内置钢板组合剪力墙抗震性能的影响。计算结果表明,与普通钢筋混凝土剪力墙相比,内置钢板可以明显提高构件的承载力、延性和滞回耗能;轴压比和配钢率对组合剪力墙的抗震性能有较大影响。     

A potentiometric cobalt-based phosphate sensor based on screen-printing technology

A potentiometric cobalt-based screen-pritning sensor was fabricated by electroplating cobalt on the surface of a screen-printing electrode as the sensitive layer for the determination of dihydrogenphosphate （H2PO4） in wastewater samples. The electrochemical performance of this sensor was fully examined to determine its detection calibration, detection limit, response time, selectivity, and interference with pH, various ions, and dissolved oxygen （DO）. The cobalt-based phosphate sensor showed a phosphate-selective potential response in the range of 10 5mol·L^-1 to 10^-1 mol^-1, yielding a detection limit of 3.16 × 10μmol·L^l and a slope of -37.51 mV·decade＇ in an acidic solution （pH 4.0） of H2PO4-. DO and pH were found to interfere with sensor responses to phosphate. Ultimately, the performance of the sensor was validated for detecting wastewater samples from the Xiaojiahe Waste- water Treatment Plant against the standard speetrophotometric methods for HzPO4 analysis. The discrepancy between the two methods was generally ＋5% （relative standard deviation）. Aside from its high selectivity, sensitivity, and stability, which are comparable with conventional bulk Co-wire sensors, the proposed phosphate sensor presents many other advantages, such as low price, compactness, ease of use, and the possibility of integration with other analytical devices, such as flow injectors.     

法国消防机构如何应对飞机火灾

正减少飞机火灾对机上人员形成的威胁程度有两种方法:改进飞机的设计,使飞机更加具备防火性能,并配有足够的自动灭火设施;设有足够的现代化机场救援和消防设备以及训练有素的消防人员。飞机火灾的救援与控制飞机地面事故一般可分为两种来考虑:一种是重撞击事故——地面碰撞事故。当飞机主要结构发生故障时会导致重大伤亡,并即刻对所有乘客构成生命威胁。另一种为轻撞击事故。此种事故的发生率较高,但如果在火灾没有蔓延     

Novel synthetic approaches and TWC catalytic performance of flower-like Pt/CeO2

A novel Ultrasonic Assisted Membrane Reduction （UAMR）-hydrothermal method was used to prepare flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts. The texture, physical/chemical properties, and reducibility of the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, Transmission Electron Microscope （TEM）, N2 adsorption, and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction （HE-TPR） techniques. The catalytic performance of the catalysts for treating automobile emission was studied relative to samples prepared by the conventional wetness impregnation method. The Pt/CeO2 catalysts fabricated by this novel method showed high specific surface area and metal dispersion, excellent three-way catalytic activity, and good thermal stability. The strong interaction between the Pt nanoparticles and CeO2 improved the thermal stability. The Ce4＋ ions were incorporated into the surfactant chains and the Pt nanoparticles were stabilized through an exchange reaction of the surface hydroxyl groups. The SEM results demonstrated that the Pt/CeO2 catalysts had a typical three-dimensional （3D） hierarchical porous struc- ture, which was favorable for surface reaction and enhanced the exposure degree of the Pt nanoparticles. In brief, the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts prepared by UAMR-hydrothermal method exhibited a higher Pt metal dispersion, smaller particle size, better three-way catalytic activity, and improved thermal stability versus conven- tional materials.