浅析室内甲醛的监测

随着人们生活质量和生活水平的提高,各种房屋装修工艺和装修措施不断进步,随之带来了各种较为严重的问题,其中最为突出的是室内甲醛含量的严重超标。在房屋装饰中,室内甲醛含量是最容易被人们忽视的问题,甲醛超标对人们的身体健康有严重影响,同时也影响了房屋装饰后功能的正常发挥。通过对不同场所室内甲醛浓度进行监测分析,了解甲醛的污染状况,找出引起室内甲醛超标的主要原因,并提出相应的治理措施。     

Experimental study on the impact of temperature on the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas

Water temperature not only affects the solubility of gas in water but can also be an important factor in the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas （TDG）. The quantitative relationship between the dissipation process and temperature has not been previously described. This relationship affects the accurate evaluation of the dissipation process and the subsequent biological effects. This article experimentally investigates the impact of temperature on supersaturated TDG dissipation in static and turbulent conditions. The results show that the supersaturated TDG dissipation coefficient increases with the temperature and turbulence intensity. The quantitative relationship was verified by straight flume experiments. This study enhances our understanding of the dissipation of supersaturated TDG. Furthermore, it provides a scientific foundation for the accurate prediction of the dissipation process of supersaturated TDG in the downstream area and the negative imp）acts of high dam projects on aquatic ecosystems.     

Removal of formaldehyde over MnxCe1-xO2 catalysts: Thermal catalytic oxidation versus ozone catalytic oxidation

MnxCe1- xO2（x： 0.3–0.9） prepared by Pechini method was used as a catalyst for the thermal catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde（HCHO）. At x = 0.3 and 0.5, most of the manganese was incorporated in the fluorite structure of Ce O2 to form a solid solution. The catalytic activity was best at x = 0.5, at which the temperature of 100% removal rate is the lowest（270°C）. The temperature for 100% removal of HCHO oxidation is reduced by approximately 40°C by loading 5 wt.% Cu Oxinto Mn0.5Ce0.5O2. With ozone catalytic oxidation, HCHO（61 ppm） in gas stream was completely oxidized by adding 506 ppm O3 over Mn0.5Ce0.5O2 catalyst with a GHSV（gas hourly space velocity） of 10,000 hr-1at 25°C. The effect of the molar ratio of O3 to HCHO was also investigated. As O3/HCHO ratio was increased from 3 to 8, the removal efficiency of HCHO was increased from 83.3% to 100%. With O3/HCHO ratio of 8, the mineralization efficiency of HCHO to CO2 was 86.1%. At 25°C, the p-type oxide semiconductor（Mn0.5Ce0.5O2） exhibited an excellent ozone decomposition efficiency of 99.2%,which significantly exceeded that of n-type oxide semiconductors such as Ti O2, which had a low ozone decomposition efficiency（9.81%）. At a GHSV of 10,000 hr-1, [O3]/[HCHO] = 3 and temperature of 25°C, a high HCHO removal efficiency（≥ 81.2%） was maintained throughout the durability test of 80 hr, indicating the long-term stability of the catalyst for HCHO removal.     

农村废弃物零排放与生物燃气开发的循环经济实例分析

<正>目前,世界上有五大主要甲烷排放源:农业、采煤、垃圾填埋、市政废水和石油天然气系统。本文着重关注农业甲烷减排的途径及其影响,并从循环经济的角度来探讨农村沼气产业化发展中,将相关废弃物转变成生物燃气,在达到零排放的同时还产生积极的环境和社会效益。笔     

污水处理过程中的温室气体排放现状及展望

污水处理是重要的温室气体可控人为排放源之一,污水处理过程排放的温室气体主要有CO2、CH4和N2O,其影响不可小视。目前对于污水处理工艺的选择,人们往往关注的是处理效果及处理成本,极少关注处理过程中温室气体的排放。文章对污水处理过程中CH4、N2O的形成机理进行了论述,对不同处理工艺的污水处理过程中温室气体排放进行综述,并提出相应的减排措施,对相关研究人员具有一定的参考价值。     

中国木质林产品碳足迹的产业链分布特征分析

中国是木质林产品的生产、消费和出口大国,分析其产品碳足迹的分布特征对于林产行业的国际贸易和节能减排工作具有重要意义。文章采用投入产出生命周期模型计算中国木质林产品的碳足迹,并对不同种类木质林产品产业链上的碳足迹分布进行分析。研究结果表明,产品碳足迹总量最大的木质林产品是木家具(占总量的36%),而单位产品碳足迹强度最大的木质林产品是纸制品(占整体的16%);针对林产品行业内部的产业链角度,碳足迹的主要流量发生在从用材林的种植和养护业到最终产品的制造;林产品产业行业外部,碳足迹的贡献则主要来自于金属冶炼及压延加工业、化石燃料开采业等行业,这2个行业碳足迹贡献分别占21%和18%;整体上,中国木质林产品生产中温室气体的排放以燃料燃烧产生的二氧化碳为主,这与产业链外其他行业的碳贡献密不可分。研究表明,通过碳足迹在产业链上的分布可以有助于分析林产品碳排放的工作重心。     

乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定新车内空气中的甲醛

根据《乘用车内空气质量评价指南》GB/T27630-2011规定要求采样,并采用乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定10辆新轿车内空气中甲醛,结果表明,有8辆车超过了该指南规定的甲醛最高容许质量浓度0.10mg/m3,汽车内部环境污染对人体健康危害不容忽视。     

污油罐顶恶臭气体治理

随着炼油企业加工原油的劣质化,硫含量不断提高,污油罐顶散溢的恶臭气体引发的环境矛盾日益严重,分析了引发恶臭问题的主要原因,从生产工艺调整控制入手,通过设备设施的改造,降低乃至消除罐顶恶臭,改善环境。     

中国污染物排污权交易发展及问题探析

随着中国经济高速发展,污染物排放量大幅增长,排污权交易已成为当前中国环境质量控制的重要环境经济制度和治理手段。基于排污权交易的发展历史,文章介绍了排污权交易的起源、国外主要发达国家的发展历程、中国排污权交易的发展历程、中国排污权交易种类和范围,综述了中国近年来对于排污权交易实践的积极探索,探讨了当前中国排污交易权政策和实践上存在的主要问题,提出了相应的对策建议,为进一步发展和完善中国的排污权交易市场提供借鉴和参考。     

三峡库区库中干流及支流水体夏季二氧化碳分压及扩散通量

以三峡库区库中干流以及主要支流——梅溪河为研究区,于2013年5月对该区域水体中溶解二氧化碳分压(pCO2)进行了走航观测.结果表明,夏季梅溪河表层pCO2为6.8~7.5 Pa,三峡库区库中长江干流表层pCO2为201.4~210.2 Pa.在库区干、支流交汇的过渡区水体剖面上,表层水体pCO2最低为53.5 Pa,随着水深增加,pCO2急剧增大,在3 m处达到约210Pa后基本保持不变.通过计算,库区支流梅溪河和库区干流表层水体的CO2释放通量分别为-7.48 mmol·(m2·d)-1和39.58 mmol·(m2·d)-1.结果表明,库区支流梅溪河表现为大气中CO2的"汇",而库区干流表现为CO2的"源",库区干、支流水体在CO2的释放上有显著差异.