学习国外先进技术、加快建设LNG项目、实现能源结构的战略调整

天然气是从地下采集出的一种碳氢化合物，其主要成分是甲烷（CH4）。液化天然气（LNG）是天然气在常压下冷却至-162℃后形成，为无色透明液体，外观如普通自来水。液化后其体积缩小600倍，使之便于运输及贮存。液化天然气升温气化后即为普通天然气，为无色无味气体，比空气轻。     

富氧条件下碳氢化合物选择性催化还原NO研究进展

在富氧条件下,用碳氢化合物选择性催化还原NO,是最近十年来国外学术界的研究热点之一,本文对此方面的工作进行了综述,着重论述了催化剂性能影响因素和催化反应机理,并指出了今后的努力方向.     

Microbial changes in rhizospheric soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons after bioremediation

Effects of bioremediation on microbial communities jn soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons are a scientific problem to be solved. Changes in dominate microbial species and the total amount of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi in rhizospheric soils after bioremediation were thus evaluated using field bioremediation experiments. The results showed that there were changed dominant microorganisms including ] ] bacterial strains which are mostly Gram positive bacteria and 6 fungal species which were identified. The total amount of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi increased after bioremediation of microbial agents combined with planting maize. On the contrary, fungi in rhizospheric soils were inhibited by adding microbial agents combined with planting soybean.     

Interaction of DNA with aromatic hydrocarbons fraction in atmospheric particulates of Xigu District of Lanzhou, China

Voluminously epidemiological studies show that the relationships exist between the air pollution and human health and cancer. Aromatic hydrocarbons(AHs)in air form a large class of organic pollutants,which are widely in environment and many of them are known to be carcinogenic and/or mutagenic and contribute to ambient air pollution.In the past decades,bioassays mainly have been used to evaluate the toxicity of chemical mixtures in atmospheric particulates or aqueous environment.However,it is well known that the covalent complexes formed by carcinogens with DNA may be exert negative results in bioassay.So the main aim of this paper is to develop an evaluation method of toxicity effects of chemical mixtures in atmospheric particulates from chemical standpoint.In this study,the in vitro interaction of the AHs with DNA was investigated by absorption,fluorescence and resonance light scattering (RLS)spectroscopic techniques.The results showed that the AHs in the atmospheric particulates could combine with calf thymus DNA(ctDNA)and herring sperm DNA(hsDNA)without being activated or metabolized by organism,respectively.Intercalation may be present in the mechanism of interaction.The binding constants of the AHs with ctDNA and hsDNA were 2.5×10~2 and 2.0×10~3, respectively,which indicated that the interaction of the AHs with hsDNA is stronger than that with ctDNA.In addition,the relationships of dose-effect between the total mole concentration of chemical components and the ability of binding ctDNA and hsDNA were confirmed.This research made it possible to study the toxicity effects of chemical mixtures in atmospheric particulates by chemical method.It is believed that the composition and contents of unknown AHs and the interaction of DNA with AHs in atmospheric particulates of Xigu District of Lanzhou City,China are first reported in the past twenty years.     

高温空气燃烧过程中烟炱生成的初步探讨

大气中空气动力学直径在2.5um以下的粒子对人体健康和生态环境的危害性极大，而燃烧过程中产生的烟炱是空气中可吸入颗粒物的主要来源之一。阐述了烟炱生成与排放方面研究的新进展；通过对碳氢燃料在空气中燃烧时烟炱的生成和氧化进行分析，讨论了火焰温度，流场结构等因素对烟炱的生成和排放的影响，为减少高温空气燃烧过程中的烟炱排放量提供了研究基础。     

Role of nutrients in the utilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by halotolerant bacterial strain

A halotolerant bacterial strain VA1 isolated from marine environment was studied for its ability to utilize polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under saline condition. Anthracene and pyrene were used as representatives for the utilization of PAH by the bacterial strain. Glucose and sodium citrate were used as additional carbon sources to enhance the PAH utilization. The strain VA1 was able to utilize anthracene (73%) and pyrene (66%) without any additional substrate. In the presence of additional carbon sources (glucose/sodium citrate) the utilization of PAH was faster. PAH was utilized faster by VA1 in the presence of glucose than sodium citrate. The stain utilized 87% and 83% of anthracene and pyrene with glucose as carbon source and with sodium citrate the strain utilized 81% and 76% respectively in 4 days. Urea as an alternative source of nitrogen also enhanced the utilization of PAHs (anthracene and pyrene) by the bacterial strain up to 88% and 84% in 4 days. Sodium nitrate as nitrogen source was not able to enhance the PAH utilization rate. Phenotypic and phlyogenetic analysis proved that the PAHs utilizing halotolerant strain VA1 belongs to Ochrobactrum sp.     

上海市大气中非甲烷烃行为研究

经1993年7月～1994年4月对上海市区大气中非甲烷烃(NMHC)的测定,探讨了上海市大气中NMHC的浓度水平、浓度时间变化、浓度分布等状况。实验结果表明,上海市大气中NMHC的浓度日变化有比较明显的双峰形规律,即8:00～10:00和15:00～17:00各出现一次浓度高峰。上海市区大气中NMHC浓度,春季平均值为1.31×10~(-3)mg/m~3,夏季为2.00×10~(-3)mg/m~3,秋季为1.31×10~(-3)mg/m~3,冬季为1.29×10~(-3)mg/m~3,全年平均值为1.49×10~(-3)mg/m~3。根据对数正态分布检验的结果可以看出,上海市大气中NMHC并非来自单一类型的污染,而是多种类型的总体污染。     

碳氢化合物对大气环境的影响及控制研究

随着城市经济的高速发展,城市机动车化程度越来越高,尾气的排放对大气环境的影响也越来越严重.城市交通与环境的协调发展成为亟待研究的课题.由于碳氢化合物是汽车尾气中的主要有害成分之一,又占上海中心城区碳氢化合物总负荷的93%,为此,文章对碳氢化合物与大气环境要素的关系进行了研究,并将碳氢化合物的排放看成汽车使用者出行时强加给大气环境的外部成本,结果表明,这种方案可有效控制路段或区域的污染排放问题.     

广州周边菜地中多环芳烃的污染现状

以GC/MSD内标法分析了广州五个地区菜地中 1 6种多环芳烃 (PAHs)的分布 ,结果表明 ,菜地土壤中∑PAHs最大为 30 77μg·kg- 1 ,最小为 42 μg·kg- 1 ,绝大部分土壤样品中的∑PAHs含量在 2 0 0 μg·kg- 1 以上 ,属中度污染 .     

Bio-removal of mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes/total petroleum hydrocarbons/trichloroethylene from contaminated water

Four pure cultures were isolated from soil samples potentially contaminated with gasoline compounds either at a construction site near a gas station in Fai Chi Kei, Macau SAR or in the northern parts of China (Beijing, and Hebei and Shandong). The e ects of di erent concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three isomers (ortho-, meta-, and para-) of xylene (BTEX), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and trichloroethylene (TCE), when they were present in mixtures, on the bio-removal e ciencies of microbial isolates were investigated, together with their interactions during the bio-removal process. When the isolates were tested for the BTEX (50–350 mg/L)/TPH (2000 mg/L) mixture, BTEoX in BTEoX/TPH mixture was shown with higher bio-removal e ciencies, while BTEmX in BTEmX/TPH mixture was shown with the lowest, regardless of isolates. The TPH in BTEmX/TPH mixture, on the other hand, were generally shown with higher bio-removal e ciencies compared to when TPH mixed with BTEoX and BTEpX. When these BTEX mixtures (at 350 mg/L) were present with TCE (5–50 mg/L), the stimulatory e ect of TCE toward BTEoX bio-removal was observed for BTEoX/TCE mixture, while the inhibitory e ect of TCE toward BTEmX for BTEmX/TCE mixture. The bio-removal e ciency for TPH was shown lower in TPH (2000 mg/L)/TCE (5–50 mg/L) mixtures compared to TPH present alone, implying the inhibitory e ect of TCE toward TPH bio-removal. For the mixture of BTEX (417 mg/L), TPH (2000 mg/L) along with TCE (5– 50 mg/L), TCE was shown co-metabolically removed more e ciently at 15 mg/L, probably utilizing BTEX and/or TPH as primary substrates.