后曝气池HRT对改进型A_2N工艺脱氮除磷性能的影响

对A2N连续流工艺进行改进,在后曝气池中填加生物膜填料,以生活污水为处理对象,考察了后曝气池水力停留时间(HRT)对后曝气池内同步硝化反硝化(SND)以及对改进后的A2N工艺除磷脱氮性能的影响.后曝气池HRT为1.3h时,总磷(TP)平均去除率为90%,总氮(TN)平均去除率为75%,但平均出水氨氮浓度较高(为8.6 mg.L-1),后曝气池内基本未发现SND现象.后曝气池HRT为2.3h时,TN平均去除率达到80%,TP平均去除率高达95%,出水平均氨氮浓度较低(2.2 mg.L-1),后曝气池内同步硝化反硝化去除的TN量为2.42 mg.L-1.后曝气池HRT为4h、6h时,工艺TP平均去除率逐渐下降至60%,由于可利用的COD值较低,同步硝化反硝化去除的TN并未随HRT延长而有明显增长,TN去除率也逐渐降至接近60%.试验证明在后曝气池内填加生物膜并合理调控HRT,可强化工艺的脱氮除磷效果.     

中试清水池水力条件对氯消毒效率的影响

以枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢为目标微生物,以紫外线消毒后的炭滤池出水为进水,在中试清水池模型中模拟氯消毒过程,通过改变清水池导流板数目获得不同的水力条件,研究清水池水力条件对氯消毒效率的影响.结果表明,在本试验中,不同水力条件下以Ct10值计算的NaClO对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的灭活系数之间相互一致,而不同水力条件下以CT值计算的NaClO对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的灭活系数之间相差很大,表明Ct10是评价清水池消毒效率的合理指标;在Ct10=(100~300)mg.min/L的范围内,NaClO对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的灭活系数为0.0016 L/(mg.min),与其他研究者的结果具有很好的一致性;清水池水力条件的改善可以提高消毒效率,在CT=(100~700)mg.min/L的范围内,当CT值固定时,随着清水池内导流板数增多,水力条件得到改善,t10增加,目标菌种的灭活率显著提高.     

An innovative membrane bioreactor and packed-bed biofilm reactor combined system for shortcut nitrification-denitrification

An innovative shortcut biological nitrogen removal system, consisting of an aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) and an anaerobic packed-bed biofilm reactor (PBBR), was evaluated for treating high strength ammonium-bearing wastewater. The system was seeded with enriched ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and operated without sludge purge with a decreased hydraulic retention time (HRT) through three phases. The MBR was successful in both maintaining nitrite ratio over 0.95 and nitrification efficiency higher than 98% at a HRT of 24 h. The PBBR showed satisfactory denitrification efficiency with very low effluent nitrite and nitrate concentration (both below 3 mg/L). By examining the nitrification activity of microorganism, it was found that the specific ammonium oxidization rate (SAOR) increased from 0.17 to 0.51 g N/(g VSS·d) and then decreased to 0.22 g N/(g VSS·d) at the last phase, which resulted from the accumulation of extracellular polymers substances (EPS) and inert matters enwrapped around the zoogloea. In contrast, the average specific nitrite oxidization rate (SNOR) is 0.002 g N/(g VSS·d), only 1% of SAOR. Because very little Nitrobactor has been detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), it is confirmed that the stability of high nitrite accumulation in MBR is caused by a large amount of AOB.     

Effect of hydraulic retention time on the hydrogen yield and population of Clostridium in hydrogen fermentation of glucose

The conversion of glucose to hydrogen was evaluated using continuous stirred tank reactor at pH 5.5 with various hydraulic retention times (HRT) at 30°C. Furthermore, the population dynamics of hydrogen-producing bacteria was surveyed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization using probe Clost IV targeting the genus Clostridium based on 16S rRNA. It was clear that positive correlation was observed between the cells quantified with probe Clost IV and hydrogen yield of the respective sludge. The numbers of hydrog...     

生物表面活性剂强化植物修复重金属污染土壤的可行性

利用有机配体强化植物修复重金属污染土壤是提高植物修复效果的常用措施．但大部分有机配体会引起二次污染而限制了其在土壤重金属修复中的应用。如果能将生物表面活性剂强化植物修复不仅会弥补这一不足．而且还能降低费用。生物表面活性剂在重金属污染土壤修复中的应用以及生物表面活性剂去除重金属的机理表明,将其强化植物修复是完全可行的,并且可以增加植物细胞膜透性,更好地促进植物对重金属的吸收。     

石灰石颗粒移动床脱硫过程影响因素的研究

探讨了以石灰石颗粒为脱硫剂、移动床反应器脱除二氧化硫过程的影响因素.结果表明,空床气速和液体喷淋密度是影响脱硫效率的主要因子,其次为二氧化硫浓度和烟气进口温度,而床层下移速度（大于65mm·h-1）对脱硫效率没有明显影响.当液体喷淋密度小于某一临界值时,脱硫效率随液体喷淋密度的增大而增大,但喷淋密度大于临界值后,脱硫效...     

不同人工湿地系统处理生活污水的比较研究

以华南1号杂交狼尾草、海芋、春砂仁、文殊兰、美人蕉、沿阶草、鸢尾和红草为湿地植物,以煤渣、麻石、陶粒为填料构成几种人工湿地系统,对生活污水进行处理研究。结果表明:当进水COD浓度小于345mg/L时,各系统出水COD浓度均小于60 mg/L(停留时间为6 h),达到GB 18918-2002的一级B标准;当进水TP浓度在4.44~8.17 mg/L之间,NH4+-N浓度在41.3 mg/L以下,TN浓度在66.1 mg/L以下时,各系统出水TP、氨氮、总氮浓度分别小于1,25,20 mg/L(停留时间为12h),均达到GB18918-2002的二级B标准。     

Removal of ammonium-N from ammonium-rich sewage using an immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC bioreactor system

A self-design bioreactor system employing a fixed bed operation process with immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC beads for NH4 +-N removal from slightly polluted water was proposed. Polyvinyl alcohol and Na-alginate were used as a gel matrix to entrap Bacillus subtilis AYC to form the immobilized beads. The NH4 +-N removal process was studied in a intermittent operation mode to examine the start-up and steady state behaviors of the immobilized AYC in the reactor. The results indicated that the reactor was in the start-up state during the first week. NH4 +-N began to be steadily removal since the second week, and the nitrogen removal rate was between 84.61% and 96.19% when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 30 min. To apply Bacillus subtilis AYC to develop a practical nitrogen removal system and further understand its nitrogen removal ability, the bioreactor was continuously operated under different experimental perameters. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of an HRT of 20 min and DO of 3.77–5.80 mg/L, the NH4 +-N removal rate reached 99.55%. The NH4 +-N removal rate increased as the C/N ratio increased. However, a high C/N may cause a high residual carbon level in the effluent, therefore, the most suitable C/N ratio was 10. In addition, the results showed that the bioreactor system could remove many types of nitrogen such as NH4 +-N, NO3??-N and organic-N, and had a good performance for inorganic nitrogen removal from sewage.     

Autotrophic denitrification for nitrate and nitrite removal using sulfur-limestone

In the study, both nitrate and nitrite could be removed effectively using sulfur-limestone, and the bacteria involved in sulfur-based denitrification for nitrate and nitrite removal were of the same species.     

多介质潜流人工湿地的水动力过程模拟

水动力过程是湿地净化功能发挥的重要机制之一.根据脉冲示踪试验,获得潜流人工湿地的水力停留时间分布曲线.针对其"多峰"现象,利用数学软件MATLAB7.0分别将对数正态分布、对流扩散模型以及考虑延迟的连续完全混合反应器模型时脉冲示踪试验数据进行叠加模拟,同时利用多流弥散模型拟合分析,结果表明:叠加模型和多流弥散模型均能较...