黄河三角洲自然保护区生物多样性及其保护

介绍了黄河三角洲自然保护区内物种多样性和生态系统的多样性,分析了破坏和威胁生物多样性的因素,提出了自然保护区生物多样性保护措施。     

海水养虾池细菌数量动态及细菌生产力的研究

对5个海水养虾池细菌数量动态及细菌生产力的研究结果表明：水层细菌数在不同试验池及同一池塘不同采样时间均呈现较大波动．细菌密度在底水层明显高于表水层，且同一虾池细菌密度在水平分布上极具不均匀性．底泥中细菌数在采样期稳定增加并与底泥中有机物含量呈现显著正相关,随着泥层加厚，细菌密度呈V型分布，最大密度出现在表层1cm之内，2cm以下泥层，细菌密度明显减小原位（in－situ）实验测定所得虾池细菌生产力ρ4（C）·t－1＝86．10～343．25mg·m－2·d－1，是浮游植物初级生产力的10％～19％     

雅鲁藏布江中部地区生物多样性保护规划

由于独特的高原气候和错综复杂的地形地貌，雅鲁藏布江中部地区物种资源异常丰富，生态系统类型多样，具有很高的保护价值和利用价值。本文在该区物种资源和生态系统调查的基础上，提出了保护生态侈样性的规划意见。     

草原沙化和人工固沙草地生态演替中昆虫群落多样性变化的数值分析

对宁夏沙坡头自然保护区不同沙化和人工固沙草地地段昆虫和植物群落特征参数、环境因子进行了调查．按不同营养层类群、栖息型类群和重要目分别进行了昆虫多样性变化规律的研究,应用主分量分析法和相关分析法,分析了草原沙化和人工固沙草地生态演替中昆虫不同类群多样性间以及多样性变化与植物、环境因子的关系．结果表明,昆虫多样性随草地沙化的加重而降低,以直翅目、膜翅目和食叶类群的下降率最大;随草地的恢复昆虫多样性趋于增加,以鳞翅目、同翅目、半翅目、脉翅目及捕食类群增长率为大．寄生类群和捕食类群多样性取决于植食类群多样性;杂食类群与地栖性类群成显著性相关．影响昆虫多样性变化的主要环境因子为植物种类、层次结构、盖度和表土层厚度、坚硬度等．     

Quantity and activity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria and their contribution to ammonia oxidation in farmland soil of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau北大核心CSCD

Ammonia oxidation, the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, is mainly performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). However, the activities of AOA and AOB in soil and their relative contribution to ammonia oxidation are unclear, and whether there is a significant correlation between the quantity of AOA and AOB and the ammonia oxidation rate is also controversial. In this study, quantitative PCR combined with acetylene (C2H2) and 1-octyne inhibition methods were used to determine the quantity and activity of AOA and AOB in wheat, highland barley, and oilseed rape soils in Nyingchi, Lhatse, Sangzhuzi, and Sangri counties on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that the quantity of AOB ((2.34 ± 0.84) ×105 - (2.65 ± 1.07) ×106 copies g-1 dry soil) was significantly higher than that of AOA ((0.20 ± 0.10) ×104 - (4.02 ± 0.39) ×104 copies g-1 dry soil) in all the soil samples. Soil pH was the key factor affecting the quantity of AOB, and the total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen in soil were the key factors affecting the quantity of AOA. The rates of ammonia oxidation in the farmland soils of Lhatse (2.42 ± 0.73 mg kg-1 d-1) and Sangzhuzi (3.24 ± 1.15 mg kg-1 d-1) were significantly higher than those in the soils of Nyingchi (1.17 ± 0.43 mg kg-1 d-1) and Sangri counties (0.88 ± 0.57 mg kg-1 d-1). The rates of ammonia oxidation in the farmland soils of Lhatse and Sangzhuzi were dominated by AOB, while those in the farmland soils of Nyingchi and Sangri counties were dominated by AOA. For crops, the ammonia oxidation rates of wheat and oilseed rape soils in all four regions were significantly higher than those of highland barley soil, whereas the activity of AOA and AOB was not influenced by crops. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was the key factor influencing AOA activity, whereas soil pH and total carbon were the main factors influencing AOB activity. Additionally, the quantities of AOA and AOB were not significantly correlated with the total ammonia oxidation rates and AOA and AOB activity. Overall, our study suggests that both AOA and AOB play important roles in ammonia oxidation in farmland soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Moreover, it is unreliable to predict the activity of AOA and AOB and their relative contribution to ammonia oxidation directly based on their number of amoA genes, and the activity of AOA and AOB should be directly and accurately measured. These results are important for understanding ammonia nitrogen removal processes, slowing nitrate loss, and reducing the emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide in the farmland ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Species diversity and leaf functional traits of understory vegetation one year after severe burning北大核心CSCD

以北京油松(Pinus tabuliformis)人工林为研究对象,采用独立样本T检验、冗余分析等方法,分析重度火烧1年后林下植被(灌木层和草本层)的物种多样性、叶功能性状及其与土壤因子的关系.结果显示:(1)与对照样地相比,重度火烧后灌木层物种丰富度指数极显著降低(P <0.01),但Shannon指数、Simpson指数以及Pielou指数虽呈下降趋势但未达显著水平(P> 0.05);草本层除Pielou指数外,各物种多样性指数均显著增加(P <0.05).(2)重度火烧样地灌木层和草本层的叶厚度(LT)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)、叶碳含量(LCC)、叶磷含量(LPC)均高于对照样地,而比叶面积(SLA)、叶氮含量(LNC)、叶片氮磷比(N:P)、叶绿素含量(CHL)低于对照样地,除灌木层LPC和N:P及草本层SLA、LCC和LPC外,其他各叶功能性状在火烧与对照间差异均达显著水平.对于不同生活型而言,对照样地的LDMC、LNC、LCC、CHL存在显著差异,而在重度火烧后差异不显著;LT、SLA在重度火烧和对照样地上均呈现显著差异;而LPC、N:P在重度火烧与对照样地上均无显著差异.(3)重度火烧后1年,灌木层和草本层的叶功能性状均仅与土壤含水率、容重和非毛管孔隙度密切相关.本研究表明在油松人工林重度火烧后1年,灌木层物种多样性降低,而草本层物种多样性增加,灌草层的各叶功能性状主要受土壤物理性质的影响呈现不同的变化规律.(图4参45)     

海螺沟冰川退缩区原生演替序列植被物种多样性与生物量的关系

生物量-物种多样性关系是生态学研究的热点之一,其具体模式目前还未形成共识,背后机制也存在较大争议.在川西贡嘎山海螺沟冰川退缩区原生演替序列上建立样地,以空间代替时间的方法,对冰川退缩后第6、27、37、47、53、59、87、127、157年期间9个演替阶段(T1-T9)进行生物量和物种多样性调查,分析冰川退缩区植被原生演替过程中物种多样性演化格局及与植被生物量的关系.结果显示：(1)海螺沟冰川退缩区物种丰富,共记录植物27目31科58属68种,但不同演替阶段植物物种组成差异较大;(2)群落尺度上植物物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数和E. Pielou指数呈“单峰”型,峰值分别出现在59年(29.00±2.00)、87年(2.68±0.21)和87年(0.88±0.07);(3)植物群落生物量介于0.95-207.80 t/hm²之间,呈波动上升,在87年达到峰值;(4)群落尺度上生物量与物种多样性具有长期正线性相关关系,而乔、灌、草不同层次生物量-物种多样性关系无显著相关,仅少数呈负相关.本研究为生物量-物种多样性关系假说提供了一个实例,并表明不同演...     

磺胺甲恶唑胁迫对2种微塑料上细菌群落和抗性基因影响的初步研究

微塑料异质性生物膜成为抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs)传播扩散的潜在汇。抗生素胁迫浓度以及微塑料种类对其生物膜上ARGs时间动态演化特征的影响目前尚不明确。本研究以聚乙烯和聚苯乙烯作为代表性的微塑料,研究低(10μg·L^-1)、中(100μg·L^-1)、高浓度(1 000μg·L^-1)磺胺甲恶唑(sulfamethoxazole, SMX)胁迫下,微塑料生物膜上磺胺类抗性基因(sul1和sul2)、Ⅰ类整合子整合酶基因(intI1)和细菌群落的动态演化特征及其关联性。结果表明,2种不同微塑料上ARGs相对丰度无显著差异,但SMX胁迫作用明显提高ARGs丰度并促进ARGs的传播扩散,尤其是高浓度SMX具有最显著的胁迫作用;高浓度SMX胁迫下ARGs具有明显的时间序列演化特征,中浓度胁迫下ARGs无明显变化,低浓度胁迫仅在第60天对ARGs具有明显的促进作用;2种微塑料生物膜上细菌群落组成结构具有差异性特征,然而与ARGs强关联性的细菌在门水平无显著性差异。尽管2种微塑料上...