内交联型淀粉改性水性聚氨酯固沙剂的制备

文章以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG)为基本原料,二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水化改性单体、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为扩链剂通过预聚体法制备了淀粉改性水性聚氨酯环保型固沙剂,研究了淀粉用量对固沙剂乳液及其所成胶膜性能的影响。研究结果表明:在扩链聚合时加入可溶性淀粉,可以得到稳定的聚氨酯乳液;随着可溶性淀粉用量的增加,乳液的粘度增加,粒径呈增大趋势,胶膜拉伸强度减小;动态热力学分析显示胶膜储能模量E’随着淀粉含量的增加而减小,而玻璃化转变温度升高;保水实验显示保水效果随淀粉含量的增加而提高。当可溶性淀粉与纯聚氨酯的质量比为10%时,胶膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为16.7 MPa和662%,而应用此配比固沙液的沙土在测试条件下10 h的失水率仅为55.7%,达到固沙剂保水性和胶膜力学性能之间较好的平衡。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料中CFC-11总含量测定研究

提出一种全新的聚氨酯泡沫塑料中CFC-11总含量的测量方法.在密闭箱中将PUR硬泡破碎成粒径小于0.5 mm的细颗粒,使用GC/MS测量密闭箱中CFC-11浓度,得出破碎时释放出的CFC-11质量;将破碎的细颗粒用管式炉高温加热,使吸附于细颗粒中的CFC-11释放并用气样袋收集,使用GC/MS测量气样中CFC-11浓度,得出吸附于PUR硬泡固体中的CFC-11质量,最后将两者相加得出总含量.     

聚氨酯的回收利用技术

随着聚氨酯工业的迅速发展，大量的聚氨酯废弃物需要回收利用，文章介绍发展和应用现状。     

汽车后桥塑性轴承衬套成形工艺和模具设计

针对汽车后桥塑性轴承衬套胀形成形工艺,提出了较为合理的聚氨酯凸模胀形成形方法.     

用于污水处理的PVC/TPU共混中空纤维膜研制

将聚氯乙烯与热塑性聚氨酯共混,以二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,用干-湿纺法制备中空纤维膜.主要研究了PVC与TPU的相容性,并考察了共混比、添加剂及芯液组成对共混膜的结构和性能的影响.通过测定孔隙率及扫描电镜来测试PVC/TPU的孔结构及其多孔性,通过测定水通量和牛血清蛋白的截留率来评价共混膜的性能.实验表明,适当控制膜液的组成,可以得到水通量较大、截留率高、抗冲击性能优良的膜.改变芯液组成,可获得断面及皮层结构有很大差异的中空纤维膜.     

高纯二聚酸清洁生产技术分析

以一个利用高真空三级分子蒸馏技术生产高纯二聚酸的大型新建项目为例，对其原料、产品、工艺和设备进行了分析。以从棉籽油下脚料中提取的粗二聚酸为原料，自主开发了高真空三级分子蒸馏技术并改进了设备及控制条件，使二聚酸的纯度最高可达98％，水、蒸汽及能源的消耗均比原工艺有所下降。对在高纯二聚酸生产中推行清洁生产提出了建议和措施。     

Nitrification performance of nitrifying bacteria immobilized in waterborne polyurethane at low ammonia nitrogen concentrations

Suspended and waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria have been adopted for evaluating the e ects of environmental changes, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and pH, on nitrification characteristics under conditions of low ammonia concentrations. The results showed that nitrification was prone to complete with increasing pH, DO and temperature. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the e ects of temperature and pH on nitrification feature of suspended bacteria were slightly greater than those of immobilized nitrifying bacteria. Immobilized cells could achieve complete nitrification at low ammonia concentrations when DO was su cient. Continuous experiments were carried out to discuss the removal of ammonia nitrogen from synthetic micropollute source water with the ammonia concentration of about 1 mg/L using immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets in an up-flow inner circulation reactor under di erent hydraulic retention times (HRT). The continuous removal rate remains above 80% even under HRT 30 min. The results verified that the waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets had great potential applications for micro-pollution source water treatment.     

Performance of biotrickling filters packed with structured or cubic polyurethane sponges for VOC removal

Two identical bench-scale biotrickling filters (BTFs), BTF 1 and BTF 2, were evaluated for toluene removal at various gas empty bed contact times (EBCTs) and organic loadings. BTF 1 and BTF 2 were packed with structured and cubic synthetic polyurethane sponges, respectively. At a constant toluene loading of 16 g/(m3 hr), toluene removal efficiencies decreased from 98.8% to 64.3% for BTF 1 and from 98.4% to 74.1% for BTF 2 as gas EBCT decreased from 30 to 5 sec. When the toluene loading increased from 35 to 140 g/(m3 hr) at a gas EBCT of 30 sec, the removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1% to 77.4% for BTF 1 and from 99.0% to 81.5% for BTF 2. The pressure drop for both BTFs increased with increased air flow rate, and did not significantly vary while the toluene loading was increased under similar operation conditions. BTF 1 and BTF 2 could start up successfully within 19 and 27 days, respectively, when packed with fresh sponge media, and the performances could be restored in 3–7 days after biomass was removed and wasted from the media. BTF 2 displayed higher removal efficiency even under shorter EBCT or higher loading rate than BTF1 when other operation conditions were similar, while it showed lower pressure drop than BTF 1 during the whole period of operation. These results demonstrated that both BTFs could treat waste gas containing toluene effectively.     

又一个起跑线奇迹的故事

聚氨酯？“聚氨酯简称TPU,它广泛应用于汽车制造、冰箱制造、交通运输、土木建筑、鞋类、合成革、织物、机电、石油化工、矿山机械、航空、医疗、农业等许多领域。”赵主任指了指记者的鞋子说,你们现在穿的鞋子的鞋底就是聚氨酯的一种。这样的回答,顿时让化工科学来到了我们身边,记者的兴趣顿时被赵主任一席话给激发了出来。