典型城市污水处理厂污泥无机质含量及含砂率分析

对青岛5个典型城市污水处理厂污泥无机质含量与含砂率进行了调查研究,结果表明,以生活污水为主的A厂(90%为生活污水)和B厂(85%为生活污水)的污泥无机质含量在20%³0%,而以工业废水为主的C厂(50%为工业废水)、D厂(50%为工业废水)和E厂(70%为工业废水)的污泥无机质含量在50%30%,而以工业废水为主的C厂(50%为工业废水)、D厂(50%为工业废水)和E厂(70%为工业废水)的污泥无机质含量在50%⁷0%;各污水厂污泥含砂率相差较大,而且污泥无机质含量较高的C厂、D厂和E厂,其含砂率普遍较高,而污泥无机质含量较低的A厂和B厂,其含砂率也较低。对其中砂质进行粒径分布与显微检测分析,并对污泥含砂特性进行了深入探讨,结果表明,各污水处理厂污泥含砂主要为淡黄色硅质无机砂质颗粒和黑色磁性无机砂质颗粒,各污水处理厂污泥含砂属性主要与污水处理厂服务区域的地理环境以及进水性质有关。     

原子吸收分光光度计测定铜含量的不确定度评定

铜是机体必需的微量元素之一,对人体的身体健康影响巨大,若水中铜元素含量超过0．01mg/l,则可影响和制约水体自净能力的发挥,导致水体污染,并产生较大的毒性,致使水生生物难以生存与生长。本文结合废水中铜含量不确定度的评定情况,探讨原子吸收分光光度计测定铜含量的不确定度评定,为铜含量不确定度的评定提供一定的参考借鉴价值。     

儿童铅中毒的危害与防治

目前,陕西省凤翔县部分儿童血铅含量严重超标事件备受关注,据8月18日最新统计,陕西省凤翔县长青镇1016名14岁以下儿童接受权威检测后,发现851人血铅超标,其中174名中、重度铅中毒儿童需要住院进行排铅治疗。经检测确认,凤翔县儿童血铅超标事件的主要原因     

三阶段温度控制接种法对堆肥有机物质变化影响

为提高堆肥效率,利用生活垃圾,采用三阶段温度控制技术进行微生物接种堆肥试验,并对堆肥过程中有机物的动态变化进行分析.结果表明,在堆肥336 h,与普通接种法(CK)比较,三阶段温度控制接种法(TSCT)堆肥总有机碳(TOC)、水溶性有机碳(DOC)含量依次降低6.37%、6.57%;而腐殖质(HS)、胡敏酸(HA)、腐殖化指数(HI)分别增加了8.61%、16.75%、18.40%.通过对胡敏酸分子元素组成分析证实,堆肥后,普通接种法处理胡敏酸分子中C/H、O/C依次增加8.33%、6.25%;而三阶段温度控制法堆肥中胡敏酸C/H、O/C依次增加了18.33%、11.48%.以上结果表明,三阶段温度控制法可明显加快堆肥腐殖化进程,进而提高堆肥效率.     

Cd胁迫下水稻叶片SOD活性和MDA含量与糙米中Cd含量的相关性研究

以中嘉早17号为材料,采用水培试验方法,研究水稻超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量在不同浓度Cd胁迫下的变化,并探讨了其与水稻糙米Cd含量的相关性。结果表明,在水稻发育过程中,SOD活性和MDA含量与Cd胁迫浓度呈正相关。SOD活性变化趋势为分蘖期乳熟期孕穗期; MDA含量变化趋势为分蘖期孕穗期乳熟期,且水稻主要时期叶片SOD活性和MDA含量与糙米Cd含量均呈显著正相关。     

有机碳含量对土壤剖面中多环芳烃纵向迁移的影响

为探索有机碳含量对土壤剖面中多环芳烃(PAHs)纵向迁移的影响,选取北京地区3条有机碳(TOC)含量明显不同的土壤剖面进行了土柱淋滤实验研究.结果表明,通过30 d(相当于北京地区3年的淋滤水量)的淋滤实验后,不同剖面中PAHs均存在不同程度的迁移现象,但剖面中残留的PAHs仍然主要富集在土柱表层0～30 cm土壤中,且中高环数PAHs的残留率明显高于低环数PAHs.TOC含量与PAHs的残留总量之间具有显著的正相关性,TOC含量越高,PAHs残留量越高.此外,TOC对不同环数PAHs迁移的影响程度存在差别,高环数PAHs受TOC变化的影响高于低环数PAHs.     

Changes in hair arsenic concentration in a population exposed to heavy pollution： Follow-up investigation in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, Southern China

Follow-up investigation on hair arsenic concentration was conducted in an arsenic heavily polluted area of southern China in 2002 and 2006.The results showed that the geometric mean of hair arsenic concentration decreased from 2.95 mg/kg in 2002 to 1.78 mg/kg in 2006,when the percentage of the population with levels over 1 mg/kg only decreased from 93.4% in 2002 to 80.5% in 2006.Over this four-year period,the population with high arsenic concentrations decreased significantly while there was no obvious chan...     

Investigation of heavy metal partitioning influenced by flue gas moisture and chlorine content during waste incineration

The impact of moisture on the partitioning of the heavy metals including Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd in municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied in a laboratory tubular furnace.A thermodynamic investigation using CHEMKIN software was performed to compare the experimental results.Simulated waste,representative of typical MSW with and without chlorine compounds,was burned at the background temperature of 700 and 950°C,respectively.In the absence of chlorine,the moisture content has no evident effect on the volatility of Pb,Zn and Cu at either 700 or 950°C,however,as flue gas moisture increasing the Cd distribution in the bottom ash increased at 700°C and reduced at 950°C,respectively.In the presence of chlorine,the flue gas moisture reduced the volatility of Pb,Zn and Cu due to the transformation of the more volatile metal chlorides into less volatile metal oxides,and the reduction became significant as chlorine content increase.For Cd,the chlorine promotes its volatility through the formation of more volatile CdCl 2.As a result,the increased moisture content increases the Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd concentrations in the bottom ash,which limits the utilization of the bottom ash as a construction material.Therefore,in order to accumulate heavy metals into the fly ash,MSW should be dried before incineration.     

《地下水管理条例》实施后的金属指标检测样品采集及前处理规范性分析

《地下水管理条例》自2021年12月1日起施行,但是由于《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848—2017)未明确其中的金属指标是检测可溶态含量还是总量,导致各检测机构在检测过程中的采样和前处理环节存在较多不确定之处。梳理了国内外地下水监测相关标准和规范,并进行了实验比对,经分析得出以下结论:铜、铅、锌、铁、锰的可溶态含量和总量检测结果存在明显差异,其中,铁和铅检测结果的差异最明显,铁和锰检测结果的差异会影响地下水质量类别判定。《地下水质量标准》中的金属指标应检测可溶态,包括汞、砷和硒。充分洗井后采集的地下水样品存在一定的浑浊度是合理的。完成采集的地下水金属指标检测样品中不应包含沉淀相。测定地下水可溶态汞、砷和硒时,如采用原子荧光法,则需对样品进行消解;如采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法,则无需对样品进行消解。在此基础上,对地下水采样及前处理关键环节和地下水检测管理工作提出了相关建议。     

Chemical fractionations and bioavailability of cadmium and zinc to cole （Brassica campestris L.） grown in the multi-metals contaminated oasis soil, northwest of China

A pot experiment was conducted to study the relationship between distribution of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) and their availability to cole (Brassica campestris L.) grown in the multi-metal contaminated oasis soil in northwest of China. The results showed that Cd and Zn in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly found in the residual fractionation, however, with increasing contents of Cd and Zn in the oasis soil, the distribution of Cd and Zn changed significantly. The growth of cole could be promoted by low Cd and Zn concentration, but significantly restrained by high concentrations. There was antagonistic e ect among Cd and Zn in the multi-metals contaminated oasis soil. Stepwise regression analysis between fractionations distribution coe cients of the two meals in the soil and their contents in cole showed that both Cd and Zn in the exchangeable fractionation in the oasis soil made the most contribution on the uptake of Cd and Zn in cole. The bio-concentration factor (BCF) of Cd was greater than Zn in cole, and BCFs of the two metals in leaves were greater than those in roots. The translocation factors of the two metals in cole were greater than 1, and the two metals mainly accumulated in the edible parts in cole. Therefore, cole is not a suitable vegetable for the oasis soil because of the plants notable contamination by heavy metals.