手工刷漆作业环境中“三苯”污染及其防治

对不同的刷漆作业场所进行现场卫生学调查及空气中“三苯”浓度监测的结果表明,较小规模的手工刷漆作业场所“三本”浓度高于机械制造业喷漆作业场所。该文分析其产生原因,提出了防治措施。     

关于印发《资源综合利用目录（2003年修订）》的通知

为了更好的贯彻落实国家对资源综合利用的优惠政策，促进合理利用和节约资源，提高资源利用率，保护环境，实现经济社会的可持续发展，根据《国务院批转国家经贸委等部门关于进一步开展资源综合利用的意见》(国发[1996]36号)规定，我们组织修订了《资源综合利用目录》(2003年修订)，现印发给你们，请遵照执行。原国家经贸委等部门发布的《资源综合利用目录》(1996年修订)同时废止。     

叶绿素a含量与大气污染评价的研究

当绿色植物受到污染大气的侵害后,叶片中叶绿素a的含量就会下降。因此,通过测定生长于一个城市上风向(大气清洁区),侧风向(轻污区),下风向(重污区)大叶黄杨(Buxaceae buxus sp.)生长功能叶片中叶绿素a含量(c),并以Ci/C上风=A作为相对评价标准,即可在排除了采样差异的前提下,较为客观地揭示城市各区污染的宏观状况。     

汞、镉和苯并[α]芘、多氯联苯对栉孔扇贝幼贝单一与联合毒性的研究

研究了重金属Hg2+、Cd2+和苯并[α]芘(B[α]P)、多氯联苯(PCB1254)对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)幼贝的单一与联合毒性效应。实验结果表明,Hg2+、Cd2+对栉孔扇贝幼贝单一毒性实验24、48、72、96 hLC50分别为2.0、1.95、1.38、0.847mg/L和4.48、3.16、2.25、1.62 mg/L,因此2种重金属对幼贝的单一毒性Hg2+Cd2+;B[α]P、PCB1254对栉孔扇贝幼贝单一染毒的LC5010 mg/L。Hg2+、Cd2+分别与B[α]P、PCB1254联合毒性效应基本相当,但联合毒性Hg2++B[α]PCd2++B[α]P,Hg2++PCB1254Cd2++PCB1254。同时Hg2+与B[α]P、PCB1254对幼贝联合染毒96 h内均表现为拮抗作用;Cd2+与B[α]P、PCB1254对幼贝的联合毒性24 h时表现为拮抗作用,24～96 h表现为协同作用。由此可见,栉孔扇贝幼贝对Hg2+、Cd2+敏感,可作为较理想的重金属毒性试验受试生物,同时Hg2+、Cd2+分别与B[α]P、PCB1254对栉孔扇贝幼贝的联合毒性与污染物组成、浓度和作用时间等因素有关。     

环境因子对羊栖菜氮磷吸收速率、生长速率和叶绿素a含量的影响

实验室条件下,研究了光照、温度、盐度对羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)N、P吸收速率、生长速率和叶绿素a含量的影响。单因子实验结果显示:羊栖菜适宜的N吸收条件为光照强度150～300μE/(m2.s)、温度20～25℃、盐度18～28;适宜的P吸收条件为光照强度150～300μE/(m2.s)、温度15～25℃、盐度18～23;适宜的生长条件为光照强度150～300μE/(m2.s)、温度15～25℃、盐度18～28。光照、温度、盐度三因子综合实验结果显示:羊栖菜最佳N吸收条件为光照强度200μE/(m2.s)、温度20℃、盐度18;适宜的P吸收条件为光照强度150μE/(m2.s)、温度15℃、盐度23至光照强度300μE/(m2.s)、温度25℃、盐度13范围内;适宜的生长条件为光照强度150μE/(m2.s)、温度15℃、盐度23至光照强度200μE/(m2.s)、温度20℃、盐度18范围内。     

珠海市南水沥水(船)闸软土地基处理方法探讨

介绍了珠海市南水沥水(船)闸软土地基的工程地质特性及物理力学性质,对比分析了粉喷桩、预制桩或钻孔灌注桩等地基处理方式的优缺点,重点介绍了粉喷桩的设计要点、设计计算的方法以及地基处理时应注意的问题,可为类似的水利工程建设提供借鉴。     

A proteomic analysis of rice seedlings responding to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene stress

The proteomic analysis of rice （Oryza sativa L.） roots and leaves responding tol,2,4-trichlorobenzene （TCB） stress was carded out by two dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometric （MS）, and protein database analysis. The results showed that 5 mg/L TCB stress had a significant effect on global proteome in rice roots and leaves. The analysis of the category and function of TCB stress inducible proteins showed that different kinds of responses were produced in rice roots and leaves, when rice seedlings were exposed to 5 mg/L TCB stress. Most responses are essential for rice defending the damage of TCB stress. These responses include detoxication of toxic substances, expression of pathogenesis-related proteins, synthesis of cell wall substances and secondary compounds, regulation of protein and amino acid metabolism, activation of methionine salvage pathway, and also include osmotic regulation and phytohormone metabolism. Comparing the TCB stress inducible proteins between the two cultivars, the β-glucosidase and pathogenesis-related protein family 10 proteins were particularly induced by TCB stress in the roots of rice cultivar （Oryza sativa L.） Aizaizhan, and the glutathione S-transferase and aci-reductone dioxygenase 4 were induced in the roots of rice cultivar Shanyou 63. This may be one of the important mechanisms for Shanyou 63 having higher tolerance to TCB stress than Aizaizhan.     

蚯蚓辅助微生物修复芘污染土壤

通过微宇宙实验,研究了蚯蚓对不同土壤中芘的微生物降解率的影响及蚯蚓对芘的富集率.结果表明,有机质较高土壤中芘的微生物降解率和蚯蚓富集率都低于有机质低的土壤,而老化作用降低了芘的生物有效性.无论在新鲜染毒还是老化的土壤中.蚯蚓均可提高土壤中芘的去除率和微生物降解率.在新鲜染毒的红壤和潮土中,蚯蚓可使芘的去除率由41.78%和27.02%分别提高到89.24%和57.53%,其中分别有51.48%和41.63%是蚯蚓促进的微生物降解作用引起的,37.76%和15.90%归因于蚯蚓富集作用.而在老化的红壤和潮土中,蚯蚓可使芘的去除率由36.53%和20.50%分别提高到91.93%和45.46%,其中分别有54.43%和32.83%是蚯蚓促进的微生物降解作用引起的,37.50%和12.63%归因于蚯蚓富集作用.     

Photolysis of mono- through deca-chlorinated biphenyls by ultraviolet irradiation in n-hexane and quantitative structure-property relationship analysis

The photolysis of 16 polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） （including mono- through deca-chlorinated） in n-hexane was investigated under ultraviolet irradiation using a 500-W high-pressure mercury lamp. Photolysis of PCBs follows pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, with photolysis rate constants ranging between 0.0011 s^-1 for PCB-52 and 0.0574 s^-1 for PCB-118. The degradation rates of PCBs by high-pressure mercury lamp irradiation were remarkably independent with respect to the degree of chlorination. Furthermore, partial least squares （PLS） models were developed to provide insight into which aspect of the molecular structure influenced PCB photolysis rate constants. It was found that the photolysis rates of PCBs increased with an increase in the net charge on the carbon atom （qc）, （ELUMO-EHOMO）^2, and the Y-axis dipole moment （μy） values, or the decrease in the energy of the second highest occupied molecular orbital （EHOMO-1）, energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （ELUMO）, ELUMO ＋ EHOMO, ELUMO - EHOMO, most positive atomic charge （q^＋）, and the twist angle of the chlorine atom （TA） values.     

Effect of inorganic carbon on anaerobic ammonium oxidation enriched in sequencing batch reactor

The present lab-scale research reveals the enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation microorganism from methanogenic anaerobic granular sludge and the effect of inorganic carbon(sodium bicarbonate)on anaerobic ammonium oxidation.The enrichment of anammox bacteria was carried out in a 7.0-L sequencing batch reactor(SBR)and the effect of bicarbonate on anammox was conducted in a 3.0-L SBR.Research results,especially the biomass,showed first signs of anammox activity after 54 d cultivation with synthetic w...