环境温度对东方小藤壶(Chthamalus challengeri)生命表征的影响

实验在相同理化指标的海水环境下,以不同温度培养中国北方海域典型污损生物东方小藤壶(Chthamalus challengeri)成体,研究环境温度对藤壶生命表征的影响。实验结果表明,24.0℃以上藤壶死亡率随温度升高显著增加,至30.0℃已全部死亡;9.0℃时95%以上的藤壶进入休眠状态,至6.0℃全部休眠,由此得到了6.0℃的东方小藤壶休眠低温限和23℃的生命活动高温限。通过实验还发现了21.0℃为东方小藤壶及其幼体的最活跃温度,同时验证了东方小藤壶成体与幼体相进的温度适应性。     

N-羧甲基壳聚糖的制备表征及性能研究

通过乙醛酸与壳聚糖形成西佛碱,用硼氢化钠还原制备N位取代的羧甲基壳聚糖,采用FT-IR、X-ray、NMR分析手段对分子结构进行表征。吸湿保湿性能研究发现取代度较低的N-羧甲基壳聚糖吸湿性能较好,保湿性能随着羧甲基取代度的增加而增强。通过羟基磷灰石、骨胶原与N-羧甲基壳聚糖制备了新型的复合生物材料,与没有添加N-羧甲基壳聚糖的复合材料相比较,发现具有良好的机械性能和溶涨性能。     

安全风险表征指标研究

分析了安全、风险的概念,给出了安全风险的定义,提出了表征安全风险的三个指标:安全事故发生的可能性、安全事故的后果和作业者安全风险的接受水平,并进一步给出了这3个指标的具体内容,为安全风险理论研究提供了借鉴.     

固体碱催化剂制备生物柴油的研究

以CH3COONa为活性组分,Al2O3载体,采用浸渍法制备Na2O/Al2O3负载型固体碱催化剂.用扫面电镜,表面积与孔径分析,红外三种表征方法对此催化剂表面结构及性能进行了分析,结果显示催化剂表面结构和性能良好;用Na2O/Al2O3作为催化剂进行生物柴油合成实验,催化剂表现出很好的催化活性.通过正交试验考察了醇油...     

Preparation and characterization of a lipoid adsorption material and its atrazine removal performance

A novel adsorbent named lipoid adsorption material (LAM), with a hydrophobic nucleolus (triolein) and a hydrophilic membrane structure (polyamide), was synthesized to remove hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) from solution. Triolein, a type of lipoid, was entrapped by the polyamide membrane through an interfacial polymerization reaction. The method of preparation and the structure of the LAM were investigated and subsequent experiments were conducted to determine the characteristics of atrazine (a type of HOC) removal from wastewater using LAM as the adsorbent. The results showed that LAM had a regular structure compared with the prepolymer, where compact particles were linked with each other and openings were present in the structure of the LAM in which the fat drops formed from triolein were entrapped. In contrast to the atrazine adsorption behavior of powdered activated carbon (PAC), LAM showed a persistent adsorption capacity for atrazine when initial concentrations of 0.57, 1.12, 8.31 and 19.01 mg/L were present, and the equilibrium time was 12 hr. Using an 8 mg/L initial concentration of atrazine as an indicator of HOCs in aqueous solution, experiments on the adsorption capacity of the LAM showed 69.3% removal within 6–12 hr contact time, which was close to the 75.5% removal of atrazine by PAC. Results indicated that LAM has two atrazine removal mechanisms, namely the bioaccumulation of atrazine by the nucleous material and physical adsorption to the LAM membrane. Bioaccumulation was the main removal mechanism.     

Characterization of condensed phase nitric acid particles formed in the gas phase

The formation of nitric acid hydrates has been observed in a chamber during the dark reaction of NO2 with O3 in the presence of air. The size of condensed phase nitric acid was measured to be 40–100 nm and 20–65 nm at relative humidity (RH) 6 5% and RH = 67% under our experimental conditions, respectively. The nitric acid particles were collected on the glass fiber membrane and their chemical compositions were analyzed by infrared spectrum. The main components of nitric acid hydrates in particles are HNO3 3H2O and NO3?? xH2O (x> 4) at low RH, whereas at high RH HNO3 H2O, HNO3 2H2O, HNO3 3H2O and NO3?? xH2O (x> 4) all exist in the condensed phase. At high RH HNO3 xH2O (x 6 3) collected on the glass fiber membrane is greatly increased, while NO3?? xH2O (x > 4) decreased, compared with low RH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to report that condensed phase nitric acid can be generated in the gas phase at room temperature.     

Effects of relative humidity on the characterization of a photochemical smog chamber

A linear relationship between k_NO2→HONO and relative humidity in smog chamber is found in this work.     

生物炭的制备及其性能研究

以生物质(小麦秸秆、稻壳和木屑)为原料,KOH为浸渍剂,采用控制热分解的方法制备生物炭,并利用差热/热重分析、Boehm滴定、红外光谱、X射线衍射、碘吸附及亚甲基蓝吸附等方法对原料和生物炭的结构及性质进行了表征。实验结果表明:木屑在热解过程中质量损失最大,其次是稻壳和小麦秸秆;不同原料在相同炭化温度下制得的生物炭所含表面含氧官能团种类和总量相近,均含有烷基、芳香基及一些含氧官能团,但pH值和吸附能力差别较大,其中小麦秸秆制备的生物炭pH值最大,木屑制备的生物炭吸附能力最强;随着炭化温度的升高,生物炭表面含氧官能团总量减少,pH值升高,芳构化程度增加;生物炭吸附性能总体呈上升的趋势。     

基于色差分析的复合绝缘子伞裙老化程度表征研究

高温硫化硅橡胶具有良好的憎水性、憎水迁移性,有效提高了复合绝缘子的耐污闪性能。但是作为一种有机高分子材料,高温硫化硅橡胶材料在长期运行之后会表现出一定的老化特征,包括出现粉化、褪色、龟裂等现象。作为复合绝缘子最直观的特征,伞裙护套的颜色变化可以在一定程度上反映出硅橡胶材料的性能变化。对复合绝缘子伞裙的颜色变化特征进行了研究,并利用RGB颜色空间对其进行了定量表征,试验结果表明,利用复合绝缘子伞裙颜色变化特征对其老化状态进行表征是可行的。     

载体碱蚀对CuMnCeOx/堇青石微波催化燃烧甲苯性能的影响

催化剂比表面积的增加可以为活性组分颗粒提供大量的附着位点,从而显著提高其催化活性.使用2.5 mol,L-1的NaOH溶液对蜂窝状堇青石进行碱蚀以增加其比表面积,采用等体积浸渍法制备了CuMnCeO/碱蚀堇青石催化剂,考察了碱蚀对催化剂微波催化燃烧甲苯性能的影响,并对碱蚀前后催化剂进行了BET、SEM、TEM和XRD表...