用于风险评估的二维爆炸场的数值模拟

采用多流体Ｕｕｌｅｒ型方法，对爆轰产物采用可变指数的多方气体状态方程，给出了对二维爆炸场进行模拟的方法，该法可为用压力一冲量准则对可能发生的爆炸事故进行风险评估提供基础。数值计算结果表明，该法适合于各种不同的几何外型，与现有实验结果符合较好。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取技术在环境领域中的应用

介绍了超临界流体二氧化碳的性质，超临界流体二氧化碳萃取法的原理、特点，综述了超临界二氧化碳流体萃取技术在环境中的应用现状与展望．     

加压流体萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定土壤和沉积物中27种拟除虫菊酯类农药

建立了加压流体萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定土壤和沉积物中27种拟除虫菊酯类农药的方法。以丙酮/正己烷(V∶V=1∶1)为萃取溶剂,在120℃和10. 3 MPa条件下静态萃取7 min,循环3次,石墨化炭黑串接氨丙基键合硅胶固相萃取柱净化,HP-5MS UI色谱柱分离,优化了提取和分析过程的重要条件。方法检出限为0. 001~0. 012 mg/kg,土壤中低、高浓度的加标回收率范围分别为68. 3%~123%和75. 3%~115%,沉积物中低、高浓度的加标回收率范围分别为67. 1%~120%和78. 6%~110%,单一目标物的相对标准偏差(RSD)均<20%(n=6)。实验结果表明,该方法消耗溶剂少、效率高、检出限低、精密度和准确度好,适用于土壤和沉积物中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的测定。     

用超临界水技术处理固体废弃物的发展现状

超临界水（SCW）是良好的化学反应介质。文章综述了超临界水技术在固体废弃物处理方面的发展和应用，并讨论了超临界水氧化技术存在的问题。     

废水处理新技术--超临界水氧化法

超临界水氧化法是一种新兴且非常有效的废水处理方法。当水处于临界点以上时，溶解在超临界水中的氧气或过氧化氢可以将超临界水中的有机污染物氧化生成水和二氧化碳等无害物质，以达到对废水进行处理的目的。本文介绍了超临界水的特点、SCWO的流程及其对设备的影响，指出了超临界水氧化法存在的问题及解决的方法。     

寒区多孔介质中LNAPL迁移的多场耦合模拟

建立了包含水、气、NAPL、固(冰)四相的温度场、流场及化学场多场耦合模型,适用于定量模拟LNAPL泄漏过程中发生冻结后的迁移分布.通过与非冻条件下LNAPL迁移模型对比,模拟结果显示,冻结条件下因冰的形成LNAPL会发生与非冻条件下不同的迁移行为,冰的形成阻碍LNAPL下渗,并产生冻结势使LNAPL向地表方向迁移.相...     

Decomposition kinetics of dimethyl methylphospate(chemical agent simulant) by supercritical water oxidation

Supercritical water oxidation （SCWO） has been drawing much attention due to effectively destroy a large variety of high-risk wastes resulting from munitions demilitarization and complex industrial chemical. An important design consideration in the development of supercritical water oxidation is the information of decomposition rate. In this paper, the decomposition rate of dimethyl methylphosphonate（DMMP）, which is similar to the nerve agent VX and GB（Sarin） in its structure, was investigated under SCWO conditions. The experiments were performed in an isothermal tubular reactor with a H2O2 as an oxidant. The reaction temperatures were ranged from 398 to 633℃ at a fixed pressure of 24 MPa. The conversion of DMMP was monitored by analyzing total organic carbon （TOC） on the liquid effluent samples. It is found that the oxidative decomposition of DMMP proceeded rapidly and a high TOC decomposition up to 99.99% was obtained within 11 s at 555℃. On the basis of data derived from experiments, a global kinetic equation for the decomposition of DMMP was developed. The model predictions agreed well with the experimental data.     

Supercritical gasification for the treatment of o-cresol wastewater

The supercritical water gasification of phenolic wastewater without oxidant was performed to degrade pollutants and produce hydrogen-enriched gases. The simulated o-cresol wastewater was gasified at 440-650℃ and 27.6 MPa in a continuous Inconel 625 reactor with the residence time of 0.42-1.25 min. The influence of the reaction temperature, residence time, pressure, catalyst, oxidant and the pollutant concentration on the gasification efficiency was investigated. Higher temperature and longer residence time enhanced the o-cresol gasification. The TOC removal rate and hydrogen gasification rate were 90.6% and 194.6%, respectively, at the temperature of 650℃ and the residence time of 0.83 min. The product gas was mainly composed of H2, CO2, CFL and CO, among which the total molar percentage of H2 and CFL was higher than 50%. The gasification efficiency decreased with the pollutant concentration increasing. Both the catalyst and oxidant could accelerate the hydrocarbon gasification at a lower reaction temperature, in which the catalyst promoted H2 production and the oxidant enhanced CO2 generation. The intermediates of liquid effluents were analyzed and phenol was found to be the main composition. The results indicate that the supercritical gasification is a promising way for the treatment of hazardous organic wastewater.     

超临界锅炉吹灰调阀改造

某电厂超临界锅炉吹灰调阀在使用过程中长期存在内漏、调节线性差、卡涩以及阀座裂纹等问题,严重影响了吹灰系统的正常运行。针对吹灰调阀存在的内漏以及阀座裂纹问题,分析了产生内漏和阀座裂纹的原因,从阀门结构、阀芯结构、阀门各部件材质、执行机构等方面进行了改造。吹灰调阀改造后,解决了原有阀门存在的内漏、调节线性差、卡涩问题,吹灰系统安全可靠性大幅提升,对同类型锅炉阀门选型及改造有参考意义。     

超超临界锅炉SCR脱硝工艺及其调试

在介绍望亭电厂超超临界锅炉脱硝系统工艺特点的基础上,重点对其调试技术进行了分析和研究,并对脱硝系统国产化提出了思路：