两段式还原铬渣中Cr(Ⅵ)的试验研究

比对了多种还原剂处理六价铬的解毒效果,确定了焦亚硫酸钠、硫酸亚铁两段式还原处理铬渣浸出液中六价铬和总铬的还原剂投加顺序和投加量。结果表明,该技术能使解毒后铬渣中Cr6+浓度达到0.17 mg/L,满足HJ/T 301—2007《铬渣污染治理环境保护技术规范(暂行)》解毒后铬渣六价铬≤0.5 mg/的要求,且具有较好的长期稳定性,解毒彻底,可为该技术的工程应用提供理论依据。     

Fe2O3 particles as superior catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Fe203 particle catalysts were experimentally studied in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, [NH3]/[NO] molar ratio and residence time on SCR activity were studied. It was found that Fe203 catalysts had high activity for the SCR of NO with NH3 in a broad temperature range of 150-270℃, and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained at 180℃ when the molar ratio [NH3]/[NO] = 1, the residence time was 0.48 seconds and 02 volume fraction was 3%. In addition, the effect of SO2 on SCR catalytic activity was also investigated at the temperature of 180℃. The results showed that deactivation of the Fe2O3 particles occurred due to the presence of SO2 and the NO conversion decreased from 99.2% to 58% in 240 min, since SO2 gradually decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. In addition, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fresh and deactivated Fe2O3 catalysts. The results showed that the deactivation caused by SO2 was due to the formation of metal sulfates and ammonium sulfates on the catalyst surface during the de-NO reaction, which could cause pore plugging and result in suppression of the catalytic activity.     

Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom

Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen （DO） distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elements such as Fe and S at the sediment-water interface are important factors that could influence the formation of the black bloom. In this study, dredged and undredged sediment cores with different surface properties were used to simulate black blooms in the laboratory. The Micro Profiling System was employed to explore features of the DO and ∑H2S distribution at the sediment-water interface. Physical and chemical characteristics in sediments and pore waters were also analyzed. The results showed that sediment dredging effectively suppressed the black blooms. In the undredged treatment, DO penetration depth was only 50 μm. Fe^2＋ concentrations, ∑H2S concentrations, and ∑H2S production rates were remarkably higher in surface sediments and pore waters compared to control and dredged treatments. Furthermore, depletion of DO and accumulation of Fe^2＋ and ∑H2S in surface sediments and pore waters provided favorable redox environments and necessary material sources for the blooms. The study results proved that physical and chemical characteristics in surface sediments are important factors in the formation of the black bloom, and could provide scientific guidance for emergency treatment and long-term pre-control of black blooms.     

Electrochemical and spectroscopic characteristics of dissolved organic matter in a forest soil profile

Dissolved organic matter （DOM） represents one of the most mobile and reactive organic compounds in ecosystem and plays an important role in the fate and transport of soil organic pollutants, nutrient cycling and more importantly global climate change. Electrochemical methods were first employed to evaluate DOM redox properties, and spectroscopic approaches were utilized to obtain information concerning its composition and structure. DOM was extracted from a forest soil profile with five horizons. Differential pulse voltammetry indicated that there were more redox-active moieties in the DOM from upper horizons than in that from lower horizons. Cyclic voltammetry further showed that these moieties were reversible in electron transfer. Chronoamperometry was employed to quantify the electron transfer capacity of DOM, including electron acceptor capacity and electron donor capacity, both of which decreased sharply with increasing depth. FT-IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra results suggested that DOM from the upper horizons was enriched with aromatic and humic structures while that from the lower horizons was rich in aliphatic carbon, which supported the findings obtained by electrochemical approaches. Electrochemical approaches combined with spectroscopic methods were applied to evaluate the characteristics of DOM extracted along a forest soil profile. The electrochemical properties of DOM, which can be rapidly and simply obtained, provide insight into the migration and transformation of DOM along a soil profile and will aid in better understanding of the biogeochemical role of DOM in natural environments.     

铬(Ⅵ)土著还原菌筛选及初步鉴定实验研究

以重铬酸钾为供试物,用固体平板法和还原实验对铬(Ⅵ)土著还原菌进行筛选,用载片培养法、革兰氏染色法、鞭毛染色法、芽孢染色法对还原菌做初步的鉴定,共筛选出16株铬(Ⅵ)土著还原菌,并挑选出还原率相对较高的Z2(35.2%)、Z3(45.2%)、Z4(38.6%)、X8(30.4%)、X10(29.4%)作为铬(Ⅵ)的优势还原菌株。经初步鉴定,土著真菌Z2为黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger),Z3、Z4为镰刀菌属(Fusariumsp.),土著细菌X8、X10为芽孢杆菌(Bacillussp.)。实验的方法和成果将为铬(Ⅵ)污染土壤微生物治理技术的推广应用提供技术支持。     

还原法修复六价铬污染土壤的研究

摘要：铬渣中含有毒性较强的六价铬化合物,其严重污染环境。本文通过实验室模拟试验,研究了硫代硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠、抗坏血酸和硫酸亚铁等还原剂对铬渣污染土壤中六价铬的解毒效果。探讨了还原剂的浓度、pH和反应时间对六价铬还原效果的影响。结果表明：亚硫酸钠浓度为1mol／L、pH9．5和反应时间为15min时对六价铬的还原效果最佳。     

重金属对硫酸盐还原菌影响

含重金属硫酸盐废水是我国工业水污染的突出问题,利用硫酸盐还原菌的生物去除重金属的方法具有投资少、成本低、能耗少、去除率高,没有二次污染等优点而成为研究的热点。文章以混合培混养物作为接种污泥,考察不同浓度的重金属离子(Cu2+、Cd2+、Ni2+、Hg2+)对硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate reducing bacteria,SRB)的抑制作用。研究表明:10 mg/L的Cu2+、Cd2+和20 mg/L的Hg2+对SRB还原硫酸盐的影响较小,硫酸盐最大去除率可分别达到94.1%、94.6%、91.3%,与空白(93.9%)相近;20 mg/L的Cu2+对SRB的抑制最为强烈,硫酸盐最大还原率仅为48.2%,剩余金属离子(Cd2+、Ni2+、Hg2+)都分别随着浓度的增大而对SRB的抑制作用增强;相同浓度的重金属离子对SRB的抑制顺序为Ni2+>Cu2+>Cd2+>Hg2+,抑制浓度分别为10、20、30、60 mg/L。最后阐述了各个反应器中硫酸盐还原率最大时,(WCOD/WSO42-)与硫酸盐还原率的关系。     

零价铁还原和吸附去除水中污染物的研究进展

近年来,零价铁以其低毒、廉价、易操作且对环境不会产生二次污染等优点,在水污染治理中受到重视。文章介绍了零价铁处理污水的机理,对利用零价铁的还原和吸附作用去除污水中的氯代有机物、硝基芳香族化合物、偶氮染料、重金属、高氯酸盐、硝酸盐等的研究情况进行了综述,指出了零价铁废水处理技术的研究方向。     

以稻草和污泥为碳源硫酸盐还原菌处理酸性矿山排水

以污泥为硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)接种菌群,分别添加等量稻草和乙醇,研究了SRB以不同碳源处理酸性矿山排水(pH=2.5)的过程及不同碳源对硫酸盐还原和重金属去除的影响.结果表明,在无外加中和剂的情况下,污泥中的碱性物质可在反应开始的1 d内迅速中和酸性矿山排水的部分酸度,使反应体系pH值从2.5升至5.4～6.3,利于SRB的生长.污泥中含少量易被微生物分解的有机物,体系中仅含污泥时,SO24-还原率最低(65.9%).添加稻草可促进SO24-还原(79.2%),因为污泥中的水解菌加速稻草分解,为SRB提供相对充足的碳源.添加乙醇为对照试验的体系中SO24-还原率最高(97.9%).含污泥的反应体系Cu2+去除率均高于99%,SRB驯化前Cu2+的去除主要归因于污泥的吸附作用.以稻草和污泥为碳源可实现低成本酸性矿山排水处理,对矿山环境的原位修复有实际意义.     

一种新型电化学法处理硝态氮废水的初步研究

通过对Pd-Me双金属催化还原NO 3--N和折点氯化法处理NH 4+-N的相关理论分析,提出了一种基于电化学法的新型NO 3--N废水处理工艺.即利用具有电子空轨的常见金属元素修饰Ti基获得催化阴极,在电场的作用下,将NO 3--N催化还原;通过调整催化元素的配比和电解条件,控制NO 3--N还原产物主要为NH 4+-N;利用阳极氧化Cl-生成高氧化性物质HOCl,将NH 4+-N氧化为无害产物N2-N.结果表明,金属元素Co和Cu修饰Ti基制得阴极可以有效地催化还原模拟废水中的NO 3--N;按前驱物溶液金属元素摩尔比1∶1制得Ti基Co-Cu复合涂层催化阴极,可以将NO 3--N高效催化还原为NH 4+-N;电解体系中引入Cl-后,通过阳极作用可将NO 3--N还原生产的NH 4+-N有效地氧化为N2-N.在100 mg/L NO 3--N模拟废水中添加1 000 mg/L Cl-,设置极板间距6 mm、电流400 mA,电解2.5 h后出水NO 3--N、NO 2--N、NH 4+-N和TN分别为2.9、0.5、1.7和6.0 mg/L.