零价铁、镍-铁和铜-铁双金属对四氯乙烯的脱氯性能研究

研究了零价铁、镍-铁和铜-铁双金属对四氯乙烯（PCE）的还原性脱氯性能。实验结果表明,零价铁、镍-铁和铜-铁双金属对PCE的脱氯反应符合准一级反应动力学方程;双金属对P（=E的脱氯反应速率高于零价铁,镍-铁双金属对PCE的脱氯反应速率常数是零价铁的2．486倍;镍-铁和铜-铁双金属可使PCE完全脱氯,零价铁在对PCE脱氯的过程中产生一定量的三氯乙烯;增加金属质量,可提高PCE的脱氯反应速率;金属颗粒越小,越有利于PCE脱氯反应。     

超声波技术降解水中氯代有机物的研究进展

介绍了超声波技术的基本原理,概述了超声波和各种超声联用（超声波与紫外光、过氧化氢、臭氧、Fenton试剂等联用）技术降解氯代有机物的效果和影响因素,总结了氯代有机物降解机理与动力学的研究进展,并在此基础上提出了今后超声波及其联用技术降解水中氯代有机物的研究方向。     

Mn-Ce/C-Al2O3催化剂制备及其处理含苯酚废水研究

将碳材料与Al_2O_3作为催化剂载体的优势互补,将碳包裹在Al_2O_3外侧,开发了新型MnCe/C-Al_2O_3催化剂,探究了制备参数对模拟含苯酚焦化废水中有机物降解的影响,考察了催化剂的稳定性。结果表明:经6%葡萄糖溶液碳负载后,催化剂比表面积增加26.36%;锰的负载提供Lewis酸点并促进了臭氧活化为·OH过程,铈提升了锰的催化效果,在锰铈比为4∶1、450℃条件下烘焙4小时,催化剂对COD、TOC和UV_(254)的降解率可达85.52%、86.06%和90.96%;催化剂在10次降解实验中对COD的去除效果都较为稳定,均值为77.5%,Mn-Ce/C-Al_2O_3催化剂兼具良好的催化活性和稳定性。     

Removal of phenol by activated carbons prepared from palm oil mill effluent sludge

The study was attempted to produce activated carbons from palm oil mill effluent （POME） sludge. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced was evaluated in aqueous solution of phenol. Two types of activation were followed, namely, thermal activation at 300, 500 and 800%, and physical activation at 150% （boiling treatment）. A control （raw POME sludge） was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced. The results indicated that the activation temperature of 800℃ showed maximum absorption capacity by the activated carbon （POME 800） in aqueous solution of phenol. Batch adsorption studies showed an equilibrium time of 6 h for the activated carbon of POME 800. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was higher at lower values ofpH （2--3） and higher value of initial concentration of phenol （200--300 mg/L）, The equilibrium data were fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon POME 800 was studied in terms of pseudo-first and second order kinetics to predict the rate constant and equilibrium capacity with the effect of initial phenol concentrations. The rate of adsorption was found to be better correlation for the pseudo-second order kinetics compared to the first order kinetics.     

Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

Pilot-scale study of removal effect on Chironomid larvae with chlorine dioxide

Introduction C hironom id, from the dipteran fam ily Chirono- m idae, is a non-biting m idge that is w idely distributed in the northern hem isphere at tem perate latitudes. C hironom id larvae can be found both in lentic and lotic environm ents, usually …     

Biodegradation of high concentration phenol containing heavy metal ions by functional biofilm in bioelectro-reactor

Functional microorganisms to high concentration phenol containing Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ were cultured and biofilm was formed on polypropylene packings in bioelectro-reactor. It was found that the biodegradation capability of such biofilm to phenol changed with the applied voltage. Under the optimal electric field conditions （voltage of 3.0 V, electric field of strength 17.7 V/m and current density of 1.98 A/m2）, biodegradation efficiency of phenol aof concentration of 1200 mg/L increased 33% compared to the instance without applying electric field. However, voltage had inverse effect on biodegradation, as microorganisms were killed under strong electric field. Voltage had little effect on heavy ions elimination. Higher absorption rate of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ was observed when changing pH fi＇om acidic to neutral. The experiment results indicated that, after treatment, 10 L phenol of 2400 mg/L was biodegraded completely within 55 h and concentrations of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ dropped to less than 1 mg/L within 12 h and 6 h, fi＇om initial values of 50 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水体中三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚

本研究建立了固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定水体中痕量三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚(TSPEOn,n=6—29)的方法.水样经HLB柱富集,用10 mL二氯甲烷-甲醇混合溶液(1∶1)洗脱,将洗脱液氮吹至近干后,用乙腈定容至0.5 mL.采用C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,5μm)+Silica(2.1 mm×150 mm,4μm)串联色谱柱,以乙腈和2 mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵水为流动相,在电喷雾正离子、多反应监测模式下对TSPEOs进行定性分析,外标法进行定量分析.结果表明,TSPEOn(n=6—29)在0.06—512.5μg·L~(-1)浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数在0.989—0.999之间,方法检出限为0.001—0.22 ng·L~(-1),定量限为0.004—0.72 ng·L~(-1),平均回收率在67.4%—103.3%之间,相对标准偏差为0.7%—14.8%,该方法可用于实际地表水样中痕量TSPEOn(n=6—29)的测定.