高氨氮废水短程硝化的影响因素

工业废水中,氨和氮的含量较高,而且全程硝化的工艺很难满足对这些废水的处理要求,因而,高氨氮废水的短程硝化工艺越来越被重视起来.文章将阐述高氨氮废水短程硝化的原理,并着重分析影响高氨氮废水短程硝化的各种因素.     

含油废水处理技术

概述了含油废水的来源、特点、分类及危害,介绍了含油废水的处理方法的原理、优势及存在的问题,同时简述了各种处理方法的最新研究成果,最后提出了含油废水发展趋势。     

城市土壤重金属污染及治理对策

城市化的进程加速了城市土壤的重金属污染,对人类的健康及生命造成威胁。文中分析讨论了土壤重金属污染的来源、空间分布特征及其影响人体健康的途径,并从环境化学的角度提出了相应的污染治理的对策以实现城市可持续发展。     

冶金高含盐废水处理工艺实践应用

某黄金冶炼厂根据云南当地的实际情况,在废水处理工程中采用太阳能预热-刮板式薄膜蒸法工艺处理黄金深加工过程中产生的高含盐废水,处理效果好,出水稳定,是一种非常有效的处理工艺。氯化物及重金属到达GB5749—2006生活饮用水卫生标准。     

Electro-Fenton法处理印染废水应用研究进展

Electro-Fenton法是利用电解的方法产生Fe2+和H2O2,新生的Fe2+和H2O2作用产生·OH。作为一种新兴的废水处理技术,在处理难降解有机废水方面,国内外已开展了广泛的研究,对于处理高浓度难降解有机废水效果良好。阐述了Electro-Fenton法的发展、分类、反应机理及其在印染废水处理中的应用研究现状,并指出Electro-Fenton法存在的主要问题和今后的发展方向。     

磁絮凝处理染整废水的中试研究

针对染整废水进行磁絮凝的中试研究,将磁粉加载于混凝澄清池,该技术是在接触絮凝加速澄清技术基础上提出的一种应用絮凝形态学理论的新型高效固液分离技术。中试试验经过半年的调试和运行,浊度等水质数据明显优于普通的砂滤出水水质。处理后的出水水质为pH=6~9,COD≤200 mg/L,浊度≤10NTU,色度≤200倍。     

准好氧填埋工艺垃圾重金属的污染特征

针对某准好氧填埋场,分析了填埋1~5年的陈垃圾及其浸出液中重金属的含量变化,并进行了污染风险评价,结果表明,垃圾中重金属含量随填埋时间的延长呈现一定的增加趋势,且导气管附近(0 m)垃圾样品重金属含量整体要高于距离导气管较远处(15 m)的样品中重金属含量。重金属As、Cd和Hg严重超过GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》三级标准限值,重金属Zn、Pb和Cr均未超过标准限值。垃圾浸出液中,重金属Zn、As、Cd、Pb和Cr含量均低于地表水环境质量标准的限值(Ⅱ类)。而Hg浓度超标,为标准限值的34倍~68倍(0 m)和38倍~90倍(15 m)。在污染指数评价中,内罗梅综合污染指数均大于3,为重度污染。     

碱改性脱水污泥对水中镉的吸附效能研究

城市市政污水处理厂产生的剩余污泥是一种良好的重金属生物吸附剂制备原料。以北京某市政污水处理厂产生的脱水剩余污泥为原料,采用碱改性处理方法,制备得到碱改性脱水污泥生物吸附剂,通过其对水中镉的等温吸附实验,考察其重金属吸附效能。研究结果表明:碱改性脱水污泥对水中镉的等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。碱改性处理后,脱水污泥对水中镉的最大饱和吸附容量提高了2.8倍,达0.966 mmol/g,显著高于同类型脱水污泥生物吸附剂。碱改性脱水污泥对水中镉的最大饱和吸附容量与改性过程中所使用的Na OH浓度之间的线性相关性较差,呈现一定的波动变化趋势。     

Biosorption mechanisms involved in immobilization of soil Pb by Bacillus subtilis DBM in a multimetal-contaminated soil

Mechanisms of soil Pb immobilization by Bacillus subtilis DBM, a bacterial strain isolated from a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, were investigated. Adsorption and desorption experiments with living bacterial cells as well as dead cells revealed that both extracellular adsorption and intracellular accumulation were involved in the Pb2＋removal from the liquid phase. Of the sequestered Pb（II）, 8.5% was held by physical entrapment within the cell wall, 43.3% was held by ion-exchange, 9.7% was complexed with cell surface functional groups or precipitated on the cell surface, and 38.5% was intracellularly accumulated.Complexation of Pb2＋with carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, amido, and phosphate groups was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. Precipitates of Pb5（PO4）3OH, Pb5（PO4）3Cl and Pb10（PO4）6（OH）2that formed on the cell surface during the biosorption process were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. Transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of the Pb（II）precipitates and that Pb（II） could be sequestered both extracellularly and intracellularly.Incubation with B. subtilis DBM significantly decreased the amount of the weak-acid-soluble Pb fraction in a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, resulting in a reduction in Pb bioavailability, but increased the amount of its organic-matter-bound fraction by 71%. The ability of B.subtilis DBM to reduce the bioavailability of soil Pb makes it potentially useful for bacteria-assisted phytostabilization of multi-heavy-metal-contaminated soil.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal phylogenetic groups differ in affecting host plants along heavy metal levels

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） are important components of soil microbial communities,and play important role in plant growth. However, the effects of AMF phylogenetic groups（Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae） on host plant under various heavy metal levels are not clear. Here we conducted a meta-analysis to compare symbiotic relationship between AMF phylogenetic groups（Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae） and host plant functional groups（herbs vs. trees, and non-legumes vs. legumes） at three heavy metal levels. In the meta-analysis, we calculate the effect size（ln（RR）） by taking the natural logarithm of the response ratio of inoculated to non-inoculated shoot biomass from each study. We found that the effect size of Glomeraceae increased, but the effect size of non-Glomeraceae decreased under high level of heavy metal compared to low level. According to the effect size, both Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae promoted host plant growth, but had different effects under various heavy metal levels. Glomeraceae provided more benefit to host plants than non-Glomeraceae did under heavy metal condition, while non-Glomeraceae provided more benefit to host plants than Glomeraceae did under no heavy metal. AMF phylogenetic groups also differed in promoting plant functional groups under various heavy metal levels.Interacting with Glomeraceae, herbs and legumes grew better than trees and non-legumes did under high heavy metal level, while trees and legumes grew better than herbs and non-legumes did under medium heavy metal level. Interacting with non-Glomeraceae, herbs and legumes grew better than trees and non-legumes did under no heavy metal. We suggested that the combination of legume with Glomeraceae could be a useful way in the remediation of heavy metal polluted environment.