砂蜡物理性质及其破坏形式研究北大核心

通过研究不同配比情况下砂蜡混合物标准样的单轴压缩实验,测定分析了其力学特性,并对试样压缩破坏的破裂情况进行了分析研究。结果表明,在含蜡量较小时,砂蜡的单轴抗压强度与蜡含量基本呈线性关系。而循环加载情况下,抗压强度变化不大;含蜡量高的砂蜡强度较大而变形较小,随着蜡含量的升高,砂蜡的割线模量E_(50)和弹性模量Et都增大,砂蜡试样的泊松比也呈现出上升趋势;砂蜡试样与煤岩试样相同,单轴压缩变形破坏形式也表现为复杂多变,蜡含量多(8%~14%)的砂蜡试样中多发生A类脆性剪切破坏型、B类楔劈式破坏型,而蜡含量低(4%~6%)的砂蜡试样破坏形式以C类挤压粉破柔性破坏型为主。     

Friedel化合物对VO_4~(3-)的吸附及其作用机制

为了解Friedel化合物作为吸附剂去除水中VO43-的应用潜能,研究了Friedel化合物对VO34-的吸附动力学和吸附等温线,并结合吸附产物的XRD和红外光谱分析探讨了Friedel化合物的吸附作用机理.结果表明:Friedel化合物对VO34-有较高的吸附容量和吸附速率,其吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型(R20.93),理论吸附容量为72.40mg.g-1.Friedel化合物对VO34-的吸附作用机理为层间离子交换和表面吸附.     

废铜提炼回收贵重金属加工生产中“三废”综合利用及治理

以废铜为原料冶炼贵重金属是资源综合回收利用的有效途径之一,通过对典型废铜冶炼加工企业污染因子产生及排放分析,进行综合回收利用和有效治理,旨在回收贵重金属的同时,减少二次污染,＂三废＂达标排放,在发展铜加工产业基础上实现铜资源循环利用,达到污染减排的目的。     

高吸湿性树脂材料的研究进展

高吸湿性树脂材料是一种具有优异的吸湿、保湿性能的功能高分子材料,可以适用于不同吸湿需求的场合。综述了高吸湿性树脂材料的主要类型、研究状况及其存在的不足,探讨了高吸湿性树脂材料的吸湿机理,展望了高吸湿性树脂材料的发展和应用前景。     

Analysis of diffusion-adsorption equivalency of landfill liner systems for organic contaminants

The equivalence between multilayered barriers regarding diffusion and adsorption is analyzed by means of an analytical method. The bottom boundary of the liner system is defined by assuming concentration continuous and flux continuous conditions of the contaminant between the bottom liner layer and the underlying soil. Five different liner systems were compared in terms of solute breakthrough time. The results of the analysis show that breakthrough time of the hydrophobic organic compounds for a 2-meter-thick compacted clay liner (CCL) can be 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than the breakthrough time for a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) composite liner. The GM/GCL and GM/CCL composite liner systems provide a better diffusion barrier for the hydrophilic organic compounds than that for the hydrophobic compounds due to their different Henry's coefficient. The calculated breakthrough times of the organic contaminants for the Chinese standard liner systems were found to be generally greater than those for the GCL alternatives, for the specific conditions examined. If the distribution coefficient increases to 2.8 for the hydrophobic compounds or 1.0 for the hydrophilic compounds, the thickness of the attenuation layer needed to achieve the same breakthrough time as the standard liner systems can be reduced by a factor of about 1.9-2.4. As far as diffusive and adsorption contaminant transport are concerned, GM or GCL is less effective than CCL.     

凹凸棒石/γ-Fe_2O_3/碳纳米复合材料的制备及其对苯酚的吸附作用

为获得同时具有有机亲和性和磁分离特性的吸附材料,以凹凸棒石黏土和废活性白土为原材料,通过铁盐水解共沉淀和在氢气气氛下程序升温煅烧的方法,制备廉价的凹凸棒石γ-Fe2O3/碳纳米复合材料.运用磁化率分析,红外吸收光谱,透射电镜,X射线衍射分析和碳含量分析对其进行了表征,并研究了复合材料吸附去除水中苯酚的动力学、吸附试验中pH的影响及同等条件下与其他吸附材料吸附性能的对比.结果表明,复合材料的磁化率值为2 769×10-8m3/kg,用磁分离工序即可把该吸附材料从溶液中快速分离出来;铁的磁性氧化物以γ-Fe2O3的形态负载到凹凸棒石表面,颗粒直径为10～60nm;碳以无定形的形态负载在凹凸棒石晶体表面;复合材料中的ω(碳)为7.4%,材料中出现了有机官能团-CH3和-CH2-.对苯酚的吸附试验表明,复合材料对苯酚的去除率是凹凸棒石原矿的3倍.     

金属波纹填料在废油处理中应用的研究

文章主要对其结构特征进行剖析,并对波纹板在油液处理过程中的作用原理进行分析。通过两种油水分离材料进行真空脱水试验,真空脱水第一次循环中,金属波纹板的脱水率为79.12%,较传统折叠丝网脱水率高21%,证明金属波纹填料对废油真空脱水有良好的效果。最后通过两种不同规格的金属波纹板填料进行真空脱水试验,证明比表面积较大的350Y波纹板填料在废油脱水中并不优于比表面积较小的250Y金属波纹板填料。     

微生物燃料电池中产电微生物电子传递研究进展

微生物燃料电池集产电和污水净化为一体,作为一种新型的能源回收技术得到人们的广泛关注。从微生物燃料电池工作原理来看,电子能否顺利地传递到阳极表面对于电流的产生起着关键作用。因此,本文重点阐述了电子在产电微生物体内产生的途径、电子从微生物体内向阳极传递的不同方式以及阳极材料对产电微生物附着和电子传递的影响。从生物化学、电化学和材料学上对产电微生物体内的电子到阳极整个过程进行全面的综述。明确电子传递的关键环节,为新型高效阳极材料的开发提供思路。     

Adverse effects of metal exposure on chemotaxis towards water-soluble attractants regulated mainly by ASE sensory neuron in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants is mainly controlled by ASE sensory neuron whose specification is regulated by che-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our data suggested that exposure to high concentrations of metals, such as Pb, Cu, Ag, and Cr, would result in severe defects of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants of NaCl, cAMP, and biotin. Moreover, the morphology of ASE neuron structures as observed by relative fluorescent intensities and relative size of fluorescent puncta of cell bodies, relative lengths of sensory endings in ASE neurons, and the expression patterns of che-1 were obviously altered in metal exposed animals when they meanwhile exhibited obvious chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants. In addition, the dendrite morphology could be noticeably changed in animals exposed to 150 mol/L of Pb, Cu, and Ag. Furthermore, we observed significant decreases of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants in Pb exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 2.5 mol/L, and in Cu, Ag, and Cr exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 50 mol/L. Therefore, impairment of the ASE neuron structures and functions may largely contribute to the appearance of chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants in metal exposed nematodes.     

金属掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜的制备和抗菌性能研究

采用sol—gel法在载玻片表面制备了Ce,Cu,i．a,Ag掺杂的锐铁矿相TiO2薄膜,并通过SEM,XRD．FT—IR及UVVIS进行了表征,比较了薄膜的抗菌性能．UV—VIS研究表明,金属掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜在近紫外区吸光度有明显提高。抗菌实验表明掺Ag的TiO2薄膜抗菌效果最佳。