Resistance and biosorption mechanism of silver ions by Bacillus cereus biomass

Biosorption of silver ions onto Bacillus cereus biomass was investigated. Overall kinetic experiments were performed for the determination of the necessary contact time for the attainment of equilibrium. It was found that the overall biosorption process was best described by pseudo second-order kinetic model. The crystals detected by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested the precipitation was a possible mechanism of biosorption. The molecular genetics of silver resistance of B. cereus biomass was also detected and illustrated by a whole cell sensor tool.     

Modeling assessment for ammonium nitrogen recovery from wastewater by chemical precipitation

Chemical precipitation to form magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) is an effective technology for recovering ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N). In the present research, we investigated the thermodynamic modeling of the PHREEQC program for NH4 +-N recovery to evaluate the effect of reaction factors on MAP precipitation. The case study of NH4 +-N recovery from coking wastewater was conducted to provide a comparison. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to assist in understanding the relative significance of reaction factors and the interactive effects of solution conditions. Thermodynamic modeling indicated that the saturation index (SI) of MAP followed a polynomial function of pH. The SI of MAP increased logarithmically with the Mg2+/NH4 + molar ratio (Mg/N) and the initial NH4 +-N concentration (CN), respectively, while it decreased with an increase in Ca2+/NH4 + and CO3 2??/NH4 + molar ratios (Ca/N and CO3 2??/N), respectively. The trends for NH4 +-N removal at different pH and Mg/N levels were similar to the thermodynamic modeling predictions. The RSM analysis indicated that the factors including pH, Mg/N, CN, Ca/N, (Mg/N) (CO3 2??/N), (pH)2, (Mg/N)2, and (CN)2 were significant. Response surface plots were useful for understanding the interaction effects on NH4 +-N recovery.     

重金属离子快速检测技术研究与应用进展

在突发环境污染事件和区域生态风险筛查中迫切需要环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术手段。环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术有电化学方法和生物学方法。电化学检测方法主要是阳极溶出伏安法(AnodicStripping Voltammetry,ASV),可以同时检测多种重金属离子,有标准化认证的产品,但是检测成本相对较高。随着纳米粒子技术(Nanoparticles,NPs)和石英微天平分析技术(Quartz Crystal Microbalance,QCM)的引入,ASV法的检测成本将不断降低;生物检测方法包括免疫检测(Immunoassay,IA)和功能DNA(Functional DNA)检测技术。重金属离子的免疫检测技术样品通量大,检测成本低,已经广泛用于食品行业,其中汞离子的免疫检测方法已经成为环境样品标准检测方法之一。免疫检测传感器技术将拓展重金属离子的快速检测的应用空间。功能DNA传感器检测的研究为重金属离子的快速检测提供了新的技术手段,但是这些仅限于实验室研究,还没有达到实际应用的水平。     

三聚磷酸二氢铝对Cs+的吸附动力学和热力学

采用静态吸附法研究三聚磷酸二氢铝吸附铯离子的动力学和热力学.考察了温度、浓度、粒径、pH和搅拌速度对吸附过程的影响,通过不同温度下的吸附等温热力学性能的变化,计算了吸附焓、吸附熵和自由能.结果表明:在实验范围内,三聚磷酸二氢铝对铯离子的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温办程式,过程受颗粒扩散控制,反应级数为1.03,29...     

琉基纤维素对水中Cr(VI)离子的吸附研究

制备了巯基纤维素并用其对含Cr(VI)离子的溶液进行了静态吸附实验.研究了pH值、吸附时间、反应温度、吸附剂用量等因素对吸附性能的影响.结果表明:在pH值为2、Cr(VI)浓度为50 mg/L和吸附剂为0.5 g时,常温条件下吸附6h后,Cr(VI)去除率达到99.2%,吸附反应符合Langmuir和Freundlic...     

粉煤灰基质复合滤料吸附Mn^2＋试验研究

以粉煤灰基质复合滤料为吸附材料,通过单因素和正交实验相结合的实验方法,考察了吸附滤料投加量、吸附时间、原水初始浓度、振荡频率、温度等因素对除锰效果的影响。从单因素实验可知：随着滤料质量的增大,Mn2＋去除率在开始时增长幅度较大,后来逐渐趋于平缓。在正交实验中固定滤料投加量为300 g/L,发现在锰离子的吸附过程中,吸附时间的影响最大,随后分别是原水浓度和温度,振荡频率的影响程度最小。     

镁法脱硫副产物亚硫酸镁处理现状

简单论述了镁法烟气脱硫技术在国内外的应用现状,镁法烟气脱硫技术具有脱硫效果好、投资小、运行维护费低、副产品可回收等优点;同时介绍了镁法脱硫技术在我国的应用优势,重点是镁法脱硫副产物综合利用的几种方法,如亚硫酸镁煅烧回收氧化镁,该技术是镁法脱硫副产物循环利用的关键。     

Formation pathways of brominated products from benzophenone-4 chlorination in the presence of bromide ions

The brominated products, formed in chlorination treatment of benzophenone-4 in the presence of bromide ions, were identified, and the formation pathways were proposed.Under disinfection conditions, benzophenone-4 would undertake electrophilic substitution generating mono- or di-halogenated products, which would be oxidized to esters and further hydrolyzed to phenol derivatives. The generated catechol intermediate would be transformed into furan-like heterocyclic product. The product species were p H-dependent,while benzophenone-4 elimination was chlorine dose-dependent. When the chlorination treatment was performed on ambient water spiked with benzophenone-4 and bromide ions, most of brominated byproducts could be detected, and the acute toxicity significantly increased as well.     

Origin of major ions in monthly rainfall events at the Bamenda Highlands, North West Cameroon

Rainwater characteristics can reveal emissions from various anthropogenic and natural sources into the atmosphere. The physico-chemical characteristics of 44 monthly rainfall events （collected between January and December 2012） from 4 weather stations （Bamenda, Ndop plain, Ndawara and Kumbo） in the Bamenda Highlands （BH） were investigated. The purpose was to determine the sources of chemical species, their seasonal inputs and suitability of the rainwater for drinking. The mean pH of 5 indicated the slightly acidic nature of the rainwater. Average total dissolved solids （TDS） were low （6.7 mg/L）, characteristic of unpolluted atmospheric moisture/air. Major ion concentrations （mg/L） were low and in the order K＋ 〉 Ca2＋ 〉 Mg2~ 〉 Na＋ for cations and NO3 〉〉 HCO3 〉 SO] 〉 CI- 〉 PO3- 〉 F- for anions. The average rainwater in the area was mixed Ca-Mg-SO4-CI water type. The CI-/Na＋ ratio （1.04） was comparable to that of seawater （1.16）, an indication that N a＋ and CI originated mainly from marine （Atlantic Ocean） aerosols. High enrichments of Ca2＋, Mg2＋ and SO2- to Na＋ ratios relative to seawater ratios （constituting 44% of the total ions） demonstrated their terrigenous origin, mainly from Saharan and Sahelian arid dusts. The K＋/Na＋ ratio （2.24）, which was similar to tropical vegetation ash （2.38）, and NO3 was essentially from biomass burning. Light （〈 100 mm） pre-monsoon and post-monsoon convective rains were enriched in major ions than the heavy （〉 100 mm） monsoon rains, indicating a high contribution of major ions during the low convective showers. Despite the acidic nature, the TDS and major ion concentrations classified the rainwater as potable based on the WHO guidelines.     

制备工艺对La改性湿式氧化催化剂活性和稳定性的影响

采用CWAO(催化湿式空气氧化)法处理甲基橙模拟印染废水,以过量浸渍法制备催化剂,以水样COD Cr去除率和脱色率表征催化剂的活性,以催化剂使用后处理出水中溶出的金属离子质量浓度表征催化剂的稳定性.结果表明,多组分催化剂的金属组分构成为Cu、Fe、La,m(Cu)∶m(Fe)∶m(La)为1∶1∶2,35℃下动态共浸渍8 h,450℃下焙烧3 h,由此制备得到Cu-Fe-La/FSC催化剂.应用该催化剂,以CWAO法处理模拟印染废水,废水COD Cr去除率和脱色率可分别达到79.1%和98.9%,催化剂的活性较高;使用该催化剂处理后的废水中Cu、Fe、La、Al的溶出量(以ρ计)分别为6.1、2.4、2.2、3.2 mg/L,说明金属元素的溶出量较低,催化剂的稳定性较高.