高硫酸盐矿井水处理研究

对天然膨润土通过钠化、铝交联等表面改性,制备出铝交联膨润土,将其用于处理某煤矿硫酸根浓度为380 mg/L的矿井水,其出水中硫酸根浓度为210 mg/L,符合国家标准,为处理煤矿高硫酸盐矿井水提供了一个新途径。     

Simultaneous removal of chromium and arsenate from contaminated groundwater by ferrous sulfate: Batch uptake behavior

Chromium and/or arsenate removal by Fe(II) as a function of pH, Fe(II) dosage and initial Cr(VI)/As(V) ratio were examined in batch tests. The presence of arsenate reduced the removal e ciency of chromium by Fe(II), while the presence of chromate significantly increased the removal e ciency of arsenate by Fe(II) at pH 6–8. In the absence of arsenate, chromium removal by Fe(II) increased to a maximum with increasing pH from 4 to 7 and then decreased with a further increase in pH. The increment in Fe(II) dosage resulted in an improvement in chromium removal and the improvement was more remarkable under alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions. Chromium removal by Fe(II) was reduced to a larger extent under neutral and alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions due to the presence of 10 mol/L arsenate. The presence of 20 mol/L arsenate slightly improved chromium removal by Fe(II) at pH 3.9–5.8, but had detrimental e ects at pH 6.7–9.8. Arsenate removal was improved significantly at pH 4–9 due to the presence of 10 mol/L chromate at Fe(II) dosages of 20–60 mol/L. Elevating the chromate concentration from 10 to 20 mol/L resulted in a further improvement in arsenate removal at pH 4.0–4.6 when Fe(II) was dosed at 30–60 mol/L.     

Catalytic oxidation of gas-phase elemental mercury by nano-Fe2O3

Heterogeneous oxidation of gas-phase Hg0 by nano-Fe2O3 was investigated on a fixed bed reactor, and the e ects of oxygen concentration, bed temperature, water vapour concentration and particle size have been discussed. The results showed that Hg0 could be oxidized by active oxygen atom on the surface of nano-Fe2O3 as well as lattice oxygen in nano-Fe2O3. Among the factors that a ect Hg0 oxidation by nano-Fe2O3, bed temperature plays an important role. More than 40% of total mercury was oxidized at 300°C, however, the test temperature at 400°C could cause sintering of nano-catalyst, which led to a lower e ciency of Hg0 oxidation. The increase of oxygen concentration could promote mercury oxidation and led to higher Hg0 oxidation e ciency. No obvious mercury oxidation was detected in the pure N2 atmosphere, which indicates that oxygen is required in the gas stream for mercury oxidation. The presence of water vapour showed di erent e ects on mercury oxidation depending on its concentration. The lower content of water vapour could promote mercury oxidation, while the higher content of water vapour inhibits mercury oxidation.     

石油污染土壤对玉米生长的影响及其生态毒性研究

以胜利油田石油污染土壤为供试土壤,通过温室盆栽试验,研究了四个不同浓度石油污染处理(0％,1％,5％和10％)对玉米生长的影响,测定了土壤呼吸强度以及一系列的土壤酶指标和植物指标.结果表明:试验土属滨海盐碱土.在盐碱化和石油污染的双重胁迫下,玉米的发芽率随着土壤石油烃浓度的升高呈先减小后增大的趋势,其根长、叶片数和植物...     

油田注水高压脉冲电场杀菌实验研究

针对油田注水中细菌繁殖快、含量高的特点,文章采用高压脉冲电场杀菌技术对油田注水进行了杀菌试验,考察了脉冲电压、脉冲频率、处理量和杀菌时间对杀菌效果的影响,并对参数进行了优化。研究结果表明随着电压和作用时间的增加,杀菌效果增强;当脉冲电压在30 kV,处理量为20 L/h,频率在50 Hz或者200 Hz时,具有显著的杀菌效果;随着处理量的增加,杀菌仪对细菌的抑制效果变弱。     

利用纳米零价铁进行印染废水脱色实验研究

以纳米铁粉为脱色剂,以甲基橙水溶液为目标污染物,研究了纳米铁粉对甲基橙水溶液的脱色影响.结果表明染料初始浓度一定时,加入一定铁粉,脱色率随脱色时间的增加而增大,到一定时间后脱色率不再有大的变化;酸洗铁粉对甲基橙水溶液的脱色效果更好;将酸洗铁粉进行水洗,脱色率随水洗次数的增加而减少;摇床转速越高,脱色效果越好.     

常温交联型水性硅丙树脂的研究

将无机纳米二氧化硅(粒径在5~12 nm),通过共价键镶嵌在有机硅丙烯酸树脂中,合成出来的复合树脂具有突出优异的性能。在复合树脂的制备过程中联合运用了微乳加工技术,核壳技术,多重交联技术,显著提高了水性树脂的各项性能。这项技术可广泛应用于各种要求的常温交联型水性涂料,从根本上解决目前水性涂料的技术难题,实现工业涂料的水性化,真正达到绿色环保型涂料的要求,应用前景十分广阔。在复合树脂的合成过程中,没有VOC的排放,属绿色产品,在环保方面具有重要意义。     

铁碳微电解降解高浓度制药废水

采用铁碳微电解法对高浓度制药废水进行降解实验研究,考察了铁碳微电解反应时间、铁碳体积比、进水pH值、固液比等因素对降解效果的影响。结果表明,铁碳微电解反应时间为100 min,铁碳体积比为1:1,进水pH值为4.0,固液比为15%时,CODcr去除率接近60%,色度去除率超过80%,BOD5/CODcr也由原水的不足0.10上升到0.43,可生化性得到提高。同时也考察了铁屑活化对降解效果的影响。     

放射性核素土壤-植物吸收与钍、镭富集植物的发现

对采集珠江三角洲从化、台山等地的11种植物以及对应的土壤样品,采用HPGe-γ能谱分析了其中的天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th和⁴⁰K的比活度.结果表明,土壤样品中²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th和⁴⁰K的平均含量为151.8、 146.3、 226.6和665.5 Bq/kg,高于我国和世界的平均值.植物样品中的²³⁸U含量较低,大多数样品低于检出限,而²²⁶Ra、 ²³²Th和⁴⁰K的平均含量相对较高.铁芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma)样品中²²⁶Ra、²³²Th含量最高,平均值分别为285.9 Bq/kg、 968.5 Bq/kg,对应的生物富集系数 (bioconcentration factor)的平均值为2.20、 4.23,而其它10种植物²²⁶Ra、²³²Th的生物富集系数均在10^-1～10^-2的范围.铁芒萁²²⁶Ra和²³²Th 的富集系数和转移系数(translocation factor)都大于1,可以认为是²²⁶Ra和²³²Th的超富集植物.     

微生物降解石油烃类污染物的研究进展

石油作为重要的能源之一,在被大量开采、运输和使用的同时,带来了严重的污染。利用微生物降解石油烃类污染物是当前治理石油污染最为理想的有效方法。介绍了降解石油烃的微生物种类和降解机理,并分析了固定化、表面活性剂、低温条件等对降解过程的影响。