油基钻屑处理处置研究新进展

油基钻屑是在勘探和开采油气资源的钻井过程中产生的一种典型危险废弃物。本文首先将现有各类繁杂技术划分为处置技术和处理技术,再通过进一步细化分类,系统综述了每项技术的原理、优缺点及应用潜力,总结出了“环保达标、经济可行”的处理处置基本原则,指出高值资源化是未来的研究方向之一。     

高速钢磨屑的再生利用综述

指出了回收利用高速钢磨屑的意义 ,简要叙述了国内外几种不同的再生利用技术 ,且对高速钢磨屑今后的进一步回收利用和发展前景提出了自己的看法。     

谁来化解“脚下之危”

<正>3月22日晚9点,长沙暴突降雨,21岁女孩杨丽君在长沙市天心区涂家冲赤黄路不慎落入被冲走了井盖的下水道,随即被急流卷走,下落不明。5月19日晚,岳阳警方在湘江湘阴段发现一女尸,高度疑似杨丽君。5月21日上午,湘阴警方证实,19日提供的女尸DNA样本与杨丽君DNA样本一致……这注定是一个让人揪心的消息。21岁,这本应是人生     

高速钢固体废物的再生研究

采用电热法回收高速钢固体磨屑废物中的合金并生产再生合金并对冶炼再生合金产品的工艺及影响产品质量的因素进行了研究。首先对高速钢磨屑进行预处理 ,去除杂质 ,得到精磨屑。冶炼采用的多元碱性渣系解决了炉渣的流动性问题 ;复合还原剂为理论配入量的 99%～ 10 0 %。研究结果表明 ,W和Mo回收率大于 96 % ,Cr及V回收率不低于 91%。冶炼回收的再生合金产品满足了炼钢的要求 ,并做到了二次资源的再生利用 ,减少了环境污染 ,符合国家产业政策 ,社会效益明显。     

Molecular analysis of long-term biofilm formation on PVC and cast iron surfaces in drinking water distribution system

To understand the impacts of different plumbing materials on long-term biofilm formation in water supply system, we analyzed microbial community compositions in the bulk water and biofilms on faucets with two different materials-polyvinyl chloride （PVC） and cast iron, which have been frequently used for more thanlO years. Pyrosequencing was employed to describe both bacterial and eukaryotic microbial compositions. Bacterial communities in the bulk water and biofilm samples were significantly different from each other. Specific bacterial populations colonized on the surface of different materials. Hyphomicrobia and corrosion associated bacteria, such as Acidithiobacillus spp., Aquabacterium spp., Limnobacter thiooxidans, and Thiocapsa spp., were the most dominant bacteria identified in the PVC and cast iron biofilms, respectively, suggesting that bacterial colonization on the material surfaces was selective. Mycobacteria and Legionella spp. were common potential pathogenic bacteria occurred in the biofilm samples, but their abundance was different in the two biofilm bacterial communities. In contrast, the biofilm samples showed more similar eukaryotic communities than the bulk water. Notably, potential pathogenic fungi, i.e., Aspergillus spp. and Candida parapsilosis, occurred in similar abundance in both biofilms. These results indicated that microbial community, especially bacterial composition was remarkably affected by the different pipe materials （PVC and cast iron）.     

页岩气油基钻屑脱油灰渣资源化利用进展

针对页岩气开发过程中产生的油基钻屑在堆放、运输和处理过程中均有可能对环境造成危害的问题,研究油基钻屑脱油灰渣的处置和资源化利用现状。在实际应用中,各种资源化利用技术由于政策、环保标准、经济性等原因,除水泥窑协同处置技术外,很多技术还不能大量推广应用。文章通过系统调研,阐述了各项技术的原理、优缺点及资源化利用所面临的政策障碍、实际应用及二次污染等问题,指出了资源化利用技术在开发过程中需要加强过程污染控制、开展相关政策和标准制定、提高产品高附加值等方面研究。