Isolation, identification and arsenic-resistance of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans HX3 producing schwertmannite

Schwertmannite, a ubiquitous mineral present in iron oxyhydroxides formed in iron- and sulfate-rich acid media, favors incorporation of some toxic anions in its structure. We reported an iron-oxidizing bacterial strain HX3 from a municipal sludge that facilitates the formation of pure schwertmannite in cultures. Ferrous iron oxidation by the isolated strain HX3 was optimum at an initial pH of 2.0-3.3 and temperature of 28-35°C. Pure schwertmannite was found through bacterial oxidation of ferrous iron at an initial pH 2.8and temperature 28°C. Following 16 S rDNA gene sequence analysis the bacterial strain HX3 was identified as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The arsenic-resistance A. ferrooxidans HX3 showed the potential of environmental application in arsenic removal from the As（Ⅲ）- and iron-rich acid sulfate waters directly by As（Ⅲ） adsorption or the formation of schwertmannite in the environment.     

污泥基吸附剂除磷及其吸附效能研究

试验通过制备的污泥基吸附剂A、B、C和市售果壳活性炭分别对磷酸二氢钾、三聚磷酸钠、甘油磷酸钠不同的磷溶液进行吸附除磷,研究吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、吸附溶液pH值以及磷溶液初始浓度对除磷效果的影响。试验结果表明:污泥基吸附剂对磷的去除率随吸附时间的增加而提高,在2h时基本达到吸附平衡;磷去除率随吸附剂投加量的增加而提高,但单位吸附剂的吸附量会降低;磷去除率随着磷溶液浓度的增加而降低,而吸附量随磷溶液浓度的增加而提高;随着污泥基吸附剂含铁量的增加,磷溶液解析pH值也越小;同时在对生活污水吸附除磷试验中发现,污泥基吸附剂A、B、C磷去除率均好于市售果壳活性炭,分别为73.4%、85.2%、93.6%、73.3%。     

Graphene-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution and mechanistic study

Excess phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is one of the key factors causing eutrophication in many lakes in China,so finding a cost-effective method to remove phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is very important for the health of the aqueous environment. Graphene was selected to support nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)for phosphorus removal from synthetic rainwater runoff in this article. Compared with nZVI supported on other porous materials,graphene-supported nZVI(G-nZVI) could remove phosphorus more efficiently. The amount of nZVI in G-nZVI was an important factor in the removal of phosphorus by G-nZVI,and G-nZVI with 20 wt.% nZVI(20% G-nZVI)could remove phosphorus most efficiently. The nZVI was very stable and could disperse very well on graphene,as characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to elucidate the reaction process,and the results indicated that Fe-O-P was formed after phosphorus was adsorbed by G-nZVI. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction(XRD) indicated that the reaction product between nZVI supported on graphene and phosphorus was Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O(Vivianite). It was confirmed that the specific reaction mechanism for the removal of phosphorus with nZVI or G-nZVI was mainly due to chemical reaction between nZVI and phosphorus.     

ABR-MBR一体化工艺节能降耗措施优化研究

能耗高和膜污染是限制膜生物反应器(MBR)广泛应用的重要因素.为降低工艺运行能耗和延缓膜污染,以厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)-MBR工艺处理生活污水为例,对工艺结构和脱氮除磷运行条件进行优化.结果表明,通过优化ABR-MBR工艺结构,可降低43%的运行能耗,同时可保持较高的COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP去除效果,平均去除率分别为91%、85%、76%和86%.另外,添加颗粒填料可有效延缓膜污染,不过也改变了膜污染的形成过程,膜内部污染物含量显著增多,碳水化合物含量增加,而蛋白质含量减少,碳水化合物/蛋白质比明显增大.最终,增强了MBR反应器的实际应用性能.     

污水生化过程后置化学辅助除磷的实验研究

在城市污水生物处理过程中,投加化学药剂有助于出水的磷达标,但化学辅助除磷的效果受多种因素影响。针对投加位置、污泥浓度、温度、p H值、DO对后置化学辅助除磷效果的影响开展实验研究,有助于后置化学辅助除磷过程的优化控制。结果表明:在二沉池前投加混凝剂的方式TP去除率较高;在温度、p H值、DO一定条件下,TP去除率与投加量均呈现显著线性正相关,和污泥浓度无关;温度对TP去除率有影响,温度低于18℃时TP去除率较高;p H值对TP去除率有影响,p H为7.0~8.0时TP去除率较高;DO1 mg/L时,混凝剂投加量越大,TP去除率越高,但当DO1 mg/L时,混凝剂投加量与TP去除率没有明显关系。     

污水处理厂除磷效果影响因素分析

生物及化学协同除磷可以达到较好的除磷效果,本文分析了污水可生化处理条件并探讨了污水处理系统中生物/化学除磷的影响因素。     

铅离子印迹电化学传感器的制备及检测性能研究

重金属因其具有高毒性、致癌性和潜在的生物积累性，引发的环境问题受到广泛关注。为精确监测环境中的重金属污染，结合电化学分析和离子印迹技术的优势，构筑了对铅离子的高灵敏电化学传感器。利用铅离子作为模板，采用3-（γ-氨基乙氨基）-丙基-三甲基硅烷作为功能单体，在介孔硅表面，通过共缩聚法制备了离子印迹聚合物，并将其作为电化学传感器的核心识别元件。经过优化碳糊电极的组成，制备了一系列高选择性的离子印迹电化学传感器，并对其电化学行为进行了分析。测试结果表明，所制传感器对铅离子的检测线性范围为10^-9～10^-6 mol/L，且检出限达到1.3×10^-11mol/L（信噪比=3）。在对河水和大米等实际样品的检测中，传感器展现了高灵敏性（相对标准偏差为2.5%～7.4%）和高准确性（回收率为98.8%～102.9%），表明其在环境监测和食品安全检测方面具有应用潜力。     

北京地区部分公路两侧土壤中铅和镉的污染现状与评价

本文选择北京地区三条典型的公路两侧作为研究区域,测定土壤中铅和镉的含量,并利用地积累指数法评价土壤受铅和镉两种重金属污染程度.     

能量色散X射线荧光分析技术在环境空气质量监测中对铅测定的应用

采用EDXRF(能量色散X射线荧光法)测定环境空气中的铅,对监测数据进行了重复性、均匀性、代表性、平行性和准确性方面的分析。实验结果表明,该方法与ICP法测定结果相符,不仅有效可行,而且具有应用推广价值。