Detecting forest landcape boundary between Mountain Birch and evergreen eoniferous forest in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain

Boundaries between different forest types in Changbai Mountain Eatern China are results from complex interactions between forest ecosystems,topogrphy,and geomorphology.Detecting and quantifying the transitional zones are highly important since high environmental beterogeneity and biodiversity are ofter found within these zpmes.In this study,we used GIS and multivariate statistics techniques(PCA and MSWA) to analyze data from Landsat TM satellite imageries and quantitatively determined the positions and widths of the landscape boundary betweeen mountain birch and evergreen coniferous forests in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain.The results showed that the widths of the landscape boundary ranges from 30-50 m while using the MWW A or/and PC method.Such detected widths are consistent with field transect data that suggest a 50m tranistional zone width.The results further suggest that TM data can be used in combination with GIS and statistical techniques in determining forest landscape boundaries.MSWA is more reliable than PCA,while PCA can also be used to determine the landscape boundary when transects are properly located.     

大兴安岭地区雷击火分析与防治

1 雷击火已成为引发我区森林火灾的主要原因之一 大兴安岭地区地处高纬，受气候和地形的影响，每年4～7月都有雷击闪电发生。来自极地大陆性冷气团或变形的冷气团。通过大兴安岭林区易产生雷暴天气，引发雷击火出现。实践证明，大兴安岭林区是雷击多发区，雷击火已引发多起重特大森林火灾。内蒙大兴安岭地区的雷击火占该区总火源的18％，最多年份可达38％。喜桂图旗、鄂伦春旗和额尔古纳左旗等地的雷击火，在有的年份可占这些地区总火灾的76％。     

建筑物尾流区气流与污染物扩散的数值计算

采用了细网格非静力能量闭合边界层模式和随机游动模拟方法建立了一套分析建筑物尾流流场和污染物扩散的数值模拟系统．作为应用研究的例子，在对某城市地下交通隧道排废气的风井塔尾流区流场和浓度场进行风洞流体物理实验的基础上，利用所建的模拟系统对风井塔尾流区气流和污染物扩散特征进行研究．结果表明，所建的模拟系统的模拟结果与风洞试验的结果吻合较好，对一些小尺度带有明显湍流不均匀性的流场和局地空气污染物散布的情况有较好的模拟效果和良好的应用前景．     

太湖,钱塘江源头—临安市森林生态保护与建设问题

本文对太湖和钱墉江源头－临安市的森林生态保护与建设问题作了探讨。认为临安市生态保护和基地建设已取得一定成效，今后应加快实施林业分类经营、适当调整林种和产业结构。 同时建立健全公益林补偿金制和产业结构。同时建立健全公益林补偿金制度，确保农民的增收，使全社会特别是生态公益林的主要投资者一广大农民自觉地保护森林，从根本上促进江湖源头的森林生态的保护和发展。     

随机模拟在常州运河水质规划中的应用

以常州运河的水质规划为实例,讨论了确定性水质模型的随机模拟。讨论中引进了主观概率和客观概率的概念,用泰勒级数确定客观概率分布,用可能最大机率法估计主观概率分布,并给出了在实施不同规划方案时的水质概率曲线和水质达标的保证率。计算结果表明,使水质恶化的各种随机因素的作用不容忽视,各种水污染治理措施只能降低水质超标的风险水平。