基于事件树的石油储罐区火灾风险的定量评估

根据火灾风险评估原理,以某石油库储罐区为研究对象,排除主观因素对评估结果的影响,采用基于事件树的定量评估方法对该罐区进行火灾风险评估。通过危险源辨识、构建事件树、确定各事件频率构建出一个完整的油罐区泄漏火灾事件树,并对财产损失进行分析计算,与可接受风险水平进行对比,得出该油罐区如果发生泄漏火灾将造成严重的人员、财产损失。     

浅谈环境污染的风险评估

环境污染是制约社会经济发展的首要问题,治理环境．创造人类共同的地球家园是每一个人的责任。环境污染风险评估体系的建立对于控制环境污染具有积极的意义,随着科学技术的发展,风险评估系统的建立取得了不错的发展,但是我国的风险评估起步较晚．与发达国家相比还存在很大的差距,还需要科技人员及相关部门的长期努力,需要政府以及社会各界的理解与支持。     

石化企业危险化学品重大危险源风险评估

阐述了定量风险评价的个人风险和社会风险指标,并从前期准备、资料数据搜集、危险辨识、失效频率分析、失效后果分析、风险计算和风险评估等环节对某石化企业液化气一级重大危险源进行了定量风险评估。评估结果显示该重大危险源的个人风险和社会风险值基本符合安监总局40号令的要求。     

其岭隧道施工安全风险评估与控制技术研究

随着高速铁路向西部地区建设的快速延伸,建设高标准的隧道工程将越来越多。由于高速铁路隧道工程在施工过程中具有隐蔽性、作业空间狭窄、地质条件不确定等特点,决定了铁路隧道在施工过程中存在诸多不确定性的风险因素,使得发生各类安全事故的概率高于其他工程,因此在铁路隧道建设全过程中通过开展施工安全风险管理工作,将有利于降低事故发生的可能性,有利于控制风险事故后果的损失。本文以贵广铁路其岭隧道为例,对其施工过程中的主要风险进行了识别,并提出了相应的风险管理控制措施,以为其他同类工程提供借鉴。     

Assessing field vulnerability to phosphorus loss in Beijing agricultural area using Revised Field Phosphorus Ranking Scheme

Guanting Reservoir,one of the drinking water supply sources of Beijing,suffers from water eutrophication.It is mainly supplied by Guishui River.Thus,to investigate the reasons of phosphorus(P)loss and improve the P management strategies in Guishui River watershed are important for the safety of drinking water in this region.In this study,a Revised Field P Ranking Scheme(PRS)was developed to reflect the field vulnerability of P loss at the field scale based on the Field PRS.In this new scheme,six factors are included, and each one was assigned a relative weight and a determination method.The affecting factors were classified into transport factors and source factors,and,the standards of environmental quality on surface water and soil erosion classification and degradation of the China were used in this scheme.By the new scheme,thirty-four fields in the Guishui River were categorized as"low","medium"or"high"potential for P loss into the runoff.The results showed that the P loss risks of orchard and vegetable fields were higher than that of corn and soybean fields.The source factors were the main factors to affect P loss from the study area.In the study area,controlling P input and improving P usage efficiency are critical to decrease P loss.Based on the results,it was suggested that more attention should be paid on the fields of vegetable and orchard since they have extremely high usage rate of P and high soil test of E Compared with P surplus by field measurements,the Revised Field PRS was more suitable for reflecting the characteristics of fields,and had higher potential capacity to identify critical source areas of P loss than PRS.     

加强环境保护 推动经济发展方式转变

《国民经济和社会发展十二五规划纲要》(简称《十二五规划纲要》)中明确提出要把加快转变经济发展方式作为十二五规划的主线,把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会作为加快转变经济发展方式的重要着力点。这表明《十二五规划纲要》对环境保护在加快转变经济发展方式中发挥的作用高度重视,环境保护促进经济发展方式转变的特征将更加明显。     

城市引领气候变化行动

近年来,全球应对气候的焦点都被放在了国家层面,几乎没有成功达成任何协议或推进任何行动.与之形成鲜明对比,很多城市正在努力地开展风险评估,并制定温室气体减排目标并承诺采取实际行动.作为超过50%世界人口的     

Individual and combined toxic effects of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos on earthworm

Toxicities were assessed for a pyrethroid (cypermethrin) and an organophosphate insecticide (chlorpyrifos) individually and in combination. A series of tests were conducted on di erent responses (acute, chronic, behavioral) of earthworms of species Eisenia fetida andrei in the ecological risk assessment of these pesticides. The results showed that the toxicity of the mixture of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos was significantly higher than either of these pesticides individually, especially on the earthworm’s chronic responses. At a concentration of 5 mg/kg, the mixture caused significant reductions on the growth and reproduction rates of earthworms, but did not cause any significant e ect when the individual was tested. The increase in toxicity of the pesticide mixture means that the use of toxicity data obtained exclusively from single-pesticide experiments may underestimate the ecological risk of pesticides that actually present in the field.     

污染影响了健康,证据呢？

@大林崔：风险管理,重点是特征污染物。当前环境与健康风险不断加大,环保问题很容易发展为社会问题甚至政治问题,必须通过风险管理,从特征污染物的产生、排放、暴露控制等方面降低其致害风险。@文迪姐姐：制定环境与健康基准,只要有10年以上的数据积累,就完全可以实现。这甚至可以成为地方执政者的绩效考核标准。@绿色水滴2013：近年来,我国突发环境事件持续上升,环境风险比较突出,迫切需要开展环境基准和风险评估研究。@污染的健康很寂静：健康风险管理,核心是风险管理,重点是健康风险评估,要不然又是白忙活。     

合肥市大气颗粒物PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中PAHs的污染特征及健康风险评估

以夏、秋、冬三个季节合肥大气颗粒物PM10和PM2.5中PAHs为研究对象,通过采样、测定与分析,得出如下结论:合肥市大气PM10和PM2.5中PAHs的浓度季节变化特征明显,冬季秋季夏季。夏季PM10中不同环数PAHs的分布规律与该季PM2.5不同,而秋冬季则相同,分布规律都是5~6环4环2~3环。通过采用BaP毒性当量法对PAHs进行健康风险评估,发现合肥大气PM10和PM2.5中PAHs的BEQ值除了夏季低于国家标准限值外,秋、冬季节均高于国家标准限值和国际标准限值。