Electrochemical and spectroscopic characteristics of dissolved organic matter in a forest soil profile

Dissolved organic matter （DOM） represents one of the most mobile and reactive organic compounds in ecosystem and plays an important role in the fate and transport of soil organic pollutants, nutrient cycling and more importantly global climate change. Electrochemical methods were first employed to evaluate DOM redox properties, and spectroscopic approaches were utilized to obtain information concerning its composition and structure. DOM was extracted from a forest soil profile with five horizons. Differential pulse voltammetry indicated that there were more redox-active moieties in the DOM from upper horizons than in that from lower horizons. Cyclic voltammetry further showed that these moieties were reversible in electron transfer. Chronoamperometry was employed to quantify the electron transfer capacity of DOM, including electron acceptor capacity and electron donor capacity, both of which decreased sharply with increasing depth. FT-IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra results suggested that DOM from the upper horizons was enriched with aromatic and humic structures while that from the lower horizons was rich in aliphatic carbon, which supported the findings obtained by electrochemical approaches. Electrochemical approaches combined with spectroscopic methods were applied to evaluate the characteristics of DOM extracted along a forest soil profile. The electrochemical properties of DOM, which can be rapidly and simply obtained, provide insight into the migration and transformation of DOM along a soil profile and will aid in better understanding of the biogeochemical role of DOM in natural environments.     

安钢第二炼轧厂转炉炼钢粉尘处理

介绍了安钢第二炼轧厂转炉炼钢采用脉冲布袋除尘回收与利用、工作原理、和减少对环境污染排放。     

高压输变电工程电磁场对环境和人体健康的影响及防治

通过对高压输变电工程电磁场的研究,讨论了高压输变电工程产生的电磁场对环境及人体健康的影响,提出了相关降低高压输变电工程电磁场影响的对策建议。     

高压脉冲放电处理垃圾渗滤液NH3-N的试验研究

采用高压脉冲放电技术处理垃圾渗滤液,研究了投加铁屑、改变pH值和曝气对去除垃圾渗滤液中NH3-N的影响。结果表明：投加铁屑可提高NH3-N的去除;酸性条件下NH3-N的去除率远高于碱性条件;pH=14,NH3-N浓度为1100mg／L,dr=6mm,da=36kV时,曝气与放电同时进行180min,NH3-N去除率可达到83．6％。     

新型复合式小孔消音器在高压燃气管道放散降噪的应用研究

本文分析了压力高达4.0MPa的高压燃气管道噪声产生的原因,并对采用了新型复合式小孔消音器现场工程的相关管段进行了放散实验,同时对其噪声值进行了测试。结果表明:安装使用该新型消音器后取得了明显的降噪效果,原燃气管道排气未安装该消音器时,噪声值最高达126dB(A),安装后在同样的排气量下,噪声值降至60⁶5dB(A),满足了环保降噪要求,从而可知该种新型复合式小孔消音器用于高压燃气管道放散降噪是可行的。     

脉冲强光对水中枯草杆菌灭活效果的研究

脉冲强光杀菌技术是近年来开发的一种新型冷杀菌技术,利用强烈的白光闪照进行杀菌。以枯草杆菌为目标微生物,对比研究脉冲强光与紫外线对微生物的灭活效果。并通过改变脉冲强光装置的输入电压和闪照次数,研究了影响脉冲强光杀菌的影响因素。     

川东北三高气田钻完井风险因素分析

分析了三高（高压、高产、高含硫）气田存在的主要有害因素,以及三高气田钻完井作业过程中存在的主要危险及其发生的潜在原因,并提出了相应的控制措施。针对我国三高气田区域地质环境的特殊性,分析了我国三高气田钻完井过程中可能诱发事故的特殊因素,并对应对措施进行了探讨。     

地面水中酚类污染物的树脂吸附富集反相高压液相色谱测定

以乙腈－水－醋酸（３１：６８：１,Ｖ／Ｖ／Ｖ）为流动相的反相ＨＰＬＣ－ＵＶ法,可以方便地对水中酚类进行直接分离和分析。采用树脂吸附法为ＨＰＬＣ的预富集步骤,选用国产吸附树脂ＧＤＸ－５０２为富集剂,二氧六环为洗脱剂,可以定量测定水中μｇ／Ｌ级以下的多种酚。在实验条件下,９种一元酚的平均变异系数为２．４％,其中８种酚的富集回收率大于９０％。用本法测得的地面水的总酚含量与４－氨基安替比林法具有可比性。     

脉冲活化一次全部治理CO2、SO2、NOx和烟尘研究(Ⅰ)─—分解SO2

超高压脉冲活化一次全部分解CO₂、SO₂、NO_x及同时除掉烟尘技术。应用超高压窄脉冲使反应器内有害气体全部成为活化分子,在定向作用下分解成无害单一原子的气体分子N₂、O₂,单质微粒C、S;粉尘充分荷电,在超强电场作用下除掉粉尘,它成为C、S的载体。在180℃常压条件时,在以Ni为母体B种催化剂作用下,活化能大幅度降低,分解率为75％～90％。      

脉冲活化一次全部治理CO2、SO2、NOx和烟尘研究(Ⅱ)──模拟工业治

应用超高压窄脉冲模拟治理工业烟气(常压、烟气温度180℃)．CO₂、SO₂、NO_x分解率均在80％以上,把有害气体分解成单一原子组成的气体分子O₂、N₂和单质微粒S、C;同时收尘效率高达99％．是工业上治理烟气污染的高效、低成本的新技术。