抗生素抗性基因在两级废水处理系统中的分布和去除

废水处理系统被认为是水环境中抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的重要污染源.为探究ARGs在废水处理系统中的分布特征和去除情况,选取某精细化工园区内的制药废水处理系统和园区综合性废水处理系统,使用PCR和实时荧光定量PCR对不同处理单元中ARGs的存在情况和丰度变化进行研究.在两个系统进水中分别检出了10种和15种ARGs,其中以四环素类和磺胺类ARGs居多,并首次检出了dfrA13基因.进水中sulⅠ和sulⅡ基因的丰度最高,随后依次是dfrA13、tetQ、floR、tetO和tetW基因.制药废水处理系统使总ARGs浓度上升了0.21个数量级,出水汇入园区综合性废水处理系统再次处理,其对综合性废水处理系统进水中总ARGs的贡献率为5.05%.综合性废水处理系统使总ARGs浓度下降了1.03个数量级,残留ARGs同最终出水一起直接排海,对近海环境中微生物群落的潜在影响有待深入研究.     

基于MBBR的CANON工艺处理消化液中试启动

基于移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）成功启动了自养脱氮工艺（CANON）处理污泥消化上清液.采用8.55m³中试系统,反应器内部填充SPR-Ⅲ填料,填充率44%,通过动态流接CANON污泥（接种比例<1%）,经过70d成功启动CANON工艺.运行至200d,TN去除负荷稳定在0.9kgN/（m³·d）,出水氨氮浓度均值63.9mg/L,氨氮和总氮去除率均值分别为91%和85%.进水中存在的少量有机物使系统同时存在反硝化和厌氧氨氧化两种脱氮途径,促进了总氮的去除,对总氮去除的贡献分别占5%~7%和93%~95%.通过对pH值和曝气强度的控制,防止了悬浮载体结垢,平衡了DO、曝气强度以及生物膜厚度三者之间的关系,使生物膜始终处于适宜的厚度,稳定了系统的处理效果.高通量测序表明悬浮载体上的优势菌种为氨氧化菌（AOB）和厌氧氨氧化菌（AnAOB）,其丰度整体呈增长趋势,至稳定运行期可达到17%和14%.系统无NOB存在,短程硝化效果良好,反硝化菌群丰度在2%~3%并相对稳定,进水中存在的少量有机物不会影响厌氧氨氧化菌的增殖.     

Pilot-scale experiments on multilevel contact oxidation treatment of poultry farm wastewater using saran lock carriers under different operation model

A pilot-scale multilevel contact oxidation reactors system, coupled with saran lock carriers,was applied for the treatment of poultry farm wastewater. The removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen as well as the elimination performance of CODcr and total nitrogen along the three-level contact oxidation tanks under six designed operational models were investigated. Based on the performance of the nitrogen removal of the saran lock carriers and the distribution of anoxic–aerobic interspace under the suitable operation model, the mechanism of nitrogen removal of the system was also explored. The results revealed that the intermittent aeration under parallel model is the most suitable operation model, while the removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 86.86%, 84.04%, and 80.96%, respectively. The effluent concentration of CODcr,ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 55.6 mg/L, 8.3 mg/L, and 12.0 mg/L, which satisfy both the discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding industry(GB18596–2001) and the first grade of the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB 8978–1996). Moreover, the mechanism for the nitrogen removal should be attributed to the plenty of anoxic–aerobic interspaces of the biofilm and the three-dimensional spiral structure of the saran lock carriers, where the oxygen-deficient distribution was suitable for the happening of the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. Therefore, the multilevel contact oxidation tanks system is an effective pathway for the treatment of the poultry farm wastewater on the strength of a suitable operation model and novel carriers.     

基于高分1号影像的森林植被信息提取

实时最新森林植被信息的提取是林业航空植保作业的必要前提。论文以安徽省蚌埠市为研究区域,探讨了基于高分1号卫星遥感数据在亚热带农林植被混合地区的森林植被信息提取。根据植被物候信息差异选择了提取森林植被信息的5个关键时期高分影像,采用分区决策树方法监测森林植被的空间分布和面积信息,并与未分区决策树法的提取结果进行比较。结果表明：采用分区决策树法和未分区决策树法对于大中尺度森林植被信息提取的总体精度均优于85%。但分区决策树森林植被提取总体精度达到90.72%,较未分区决策树法提高3.80%、4.65%,Kappa系数达到0.81,较未分区决策树法提高约0.07~0.10,结合植被物候信息的分区决策树森林植被提取法好于未分区决策树法,能够满足林业航空植保作业的精度需求。具有较高空间分辨率、宽覆盖、短重访周期的高分1号影像,对于大区域的林业航空植保当年最新森林植被信息的提取表现出较大的潜力。     

厌氧平板膜生物反应器连续处理猪场废水研究

本研究以实际猪场废水为原料,在中温（37±1）℃条件下利用浸没式平板膜生物反应器进行180d连续厌氧发酵试验,以水力停留时间5,3和2d的梯度变化逐渐增加容积负荷,研究反应器运行性能,污泥比产甲烷活性,膜过滤特性和膜的清洗效果.试验结果表明,随水力停留时间的缩短,反应器的容积产沼气率分别达到0.68,1.03和1.12L/（L·d）,稳定运行期间出水的总挥发性脂肪酸分别为（169±41）mg/L,（15±3）mg/L和（114±45）mg/L,以乙酸为主.反应器中厌氧污泥的乙酸比产甲烷活性测试表明,以2000mg/L的乙酸为基质,HRT 3d时具有最大比产甲烷活性1.127g-COD/（g-VSS·d）.本试验发生膜污染的周期约4个月.采用2%的柠檬酸浸泡3h,可以恢复膜的过滤性能.在较低通量下,反应器中7~32g/L的污泥浓度并不会明显的影响平板膜的过滤性能.本研究结果显示,厌氧膜生物反应器有处理猪场废水的可能性.     

鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组马五_1亚段地层水特征及对CO_2地质封存的意义

CO_2地质封存技术是实现碳减排的有效措施,对鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组马五_1亚段地层水特征进行研究,是下一步实施工程化CO_2封存的首要前提。本文依据对深部钻井取样的直观观察与实验测试,采用单项指标分类评价和多项指标综合评价的方法深入分析了马家沟组马五_1亚段地层水的物理性质、化学性质、地层水类型和水化学特征参数。结果表明:马家沟组马五_1亚段地层水密度较大、矿化度极高,属于卤水,含量最多的离子是Cl~-,其次是Ca~(2+),地层水是CaCl_2型。钠氯系数、氯镁系数、脱硫系数和镁钙系数的分析表明马五_1亚段地层水封闭性极好,处于较强的还原环境。综合分析认为马家沟组马五_1亚段地层水具备实施CO_2封存的良好条件,非常适宜进行CO_2封存。     

多级A/O工艺强化城市生活污水再生过程的污染物去除效果研究

北京市某城市污水厂在传统的A ²/O工艺基础上特别增设多级A/O(MAO)工艺强化脱氮除磷效果。以该污水厂各工艺单元出水为研究对象,通过对水质常规理化指标、紫外吸收光谱及其相关参数分析,并结合多元数据统计学手段,分析该工艺对城市污水中污染物的去除效果,特别是溶解性有机物(DOM)的去除。经MAO工艺强化后COD_Cr、DOC、TN、TP和N$H^{+}_{4}$-N的去除率分别为95.14%、89.70%、94.53%、97.26%和99.74%,达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准;增设MAO工艺后,提高了对DOM的去除率,DOM分子量和团聚化程度显著提高,化合物的稳定性增强。对污水再生过程处理单元水质化学指标与紫外光谱参数的相关性分析表明,芳香环上取代基类型以脂肪链为主时对脱氮除磷促进作用更加明显。     

石油亚砜萃取巯基醋酸的研究

对石油亚砜(PSO)萃取巯基醋酸的条件和影响进行了实验研究,确定了石油亚砜通过氢键和巯基醋酸形成的萃合物的组成.为从废水中回收巯基醋酸以及石油硫醚的综合利用提供了依据.     

Anoxic phosphorus removal in a pilot scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch process

The anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch (A²/O OD) process is popularly used to eliminate nutrients from domestic wastewater. In order to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB), evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal, and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in the A²/O OD process, a pilot-scale A²/O OD plant (375 L) was conducted. At the same time batch tests using sequence batch reactors (12 L and 4 L) were operated to reveal the significance of anoxic phosphorus removal. The results indicated that: The average removal efficiency of COD, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻, and TN were 88.2%, 92.6%, 87.8%, and 73.1%, respectively, when the steady state of the pilotscale A²/O OD plant was reached during 31–73 d, demonstrating a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance. Phosphorus uptake took place in the anoxic zone by poly-phosphorus accumulating organisms NO₂⁻ could be used as electron receptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal, and the phosphorus uptake rate with NO₂⁻ as the electron receptor was higher than that with NO₃⁻ when the initial concentration of either NO₂⁻ or NO₃⁻ was 40 mg/L.     

香料生产废水的生化处理研究

某合成洋茉莉醛香料厂的生产废水中含有香料、香料副产品、降解物以及原辅材料,具有CODcr浓度高、水质波动大以及水中污染物成分复杂等特点,属于典型的高浓度难降解有机废水,而该厂现有的废水处理工艺不仅流程长、费用高且出水难以达到GB8978—1996一级排放标准。本文采用活性污泥法及MBR工艺研究了洋茉莉醛香料废水的处理效果及其影响因素,并结合GC—MS对降解产物进行了分析。试验结果表明：采用本文方法对洋茉莉醛香料废水有较好的降解作用,可经较少的步骤处理实现达标排放。