给水生物预处理反应器的细菌种群多样性和群落结构

提取一生产性规模的给水生物预处理反应器中生物膜样品的总DNA,构建细菌16S rDNA克隆文库,并通过16S rDNA序列的系统发育分析,对生物膜中的细菌种群多样性和群落结构进行了研究.实验结果表明,给水生物膜反应器中的细菌种群多样性十分丰富;生物膜中的细菌分别属于10个主要类群,其中α-Proteobacteria是克隆文库中的最大细菌类群,占克隆子总数的32.28%,其次是β-Proteobacteria;与Rhodobacter系统关系密切的细菌是克隆文库中所占比例最大的一个菌属,占克隆子总数的12.6%;反应器中与硝化作用有关的是Nitrosomonas和Nitrospira属的细菌.研究结果表明,给水生物预处理反应器中的细菌群落结构和废水生物处理反应器中的细菌群落结构是有所差异的.图1表1参13     

南海球形棕囊藻质体16SrDNA序列分析

测定了采自香港2株球形棕囊藻和湛江1株等鞭金藻质体16SrDNA基因序列,结合GenBank中下载的32条同源序列,分析序列特征并构建分子系统树。发现600bp序列中有可变位点42个,简约信息位点33个,可变位点和简约信息位点分别为全序列的7．0％和5．5％。A＋T的含量（52．5％）略大于C＋G含量（47．5％）,与已报道的棕囊藻属叶绿体和线粒体基因相似;在分子系统树上,同属藻种聚类在一起,属间遗传距离分别为0．0255-0．0503。棕囊藻属属内遗传距离0-0．0050,不同藻种相混杂,并未独立成支;质体16srDNA部分序列虽不能区分棕囊藻属内不同藻种,但能鉴定出GenBank中27个环境样品为棕囊藻属藻株,从而能确定其地理分布和相对丰度,对棕囊藻赤潮的预测预报具有重要意义。质体16srDNA在其他赤潮藻类物种鉴定方面的应用需要进一步研究。     

贵州浓香型白酒大曲中霉菌的18S rDNA系统发育分析

从贵州某名酒厂大曲中分离到104株丝状真菌(霉菌),通过形态特征和生理特性检测等传统鉴定方法,初步把形态和生理生化特征一致的霉菌归类为14个大类群;并采用18S rDNA序列分析,进一步把菌株归类为MJ-I至MJ-V五个类群,随后构建系统发育树.结果表明,样品中的霉菌以曲霉属(Aspergillus)为主,占总分离菌数...     

Comparison of ALAD activities of Citrobacter and Pseudomonas strains and their usage as biomarker for Pb contamination

Delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) activity has been used in prokaryotes and eukaryotes as a biomarker for environmental lead (Pb) exposure and toxicity. Microorganisms are sensitive indicators of toxicity at the fundamental level of ecological organization, but bacterial biomarker studies are focused on the Pseudomonas strains in Group I and E coli. The objectives of the present work were to determine if Burkholderia gladioli belonging to group II, due to its 16SrRNA similarity, can be used as biomarker in metal contamination and compare its possible usage with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Citrobacter freundii (previously known as Esherichia freundii) and Bacterium freundii which are classified in Group I. In this study, ALAD activity in an environmental strains of Burkholderia gladioli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii were investigated to evaluate potential inhibition by Pb and other toxic metals. When the ALAD activity of Burkholderia gladioli was tested, Co and Pb decreased activity by 27 and 71%, respectively. In addition to these findings, Zn increased the activity up to 26%. These effects were found to be statistically meaningful (p < 0.05). It was determined that the increase of lead concentration inhibites the ALAD activity at each of the three strains. There was a statistically significant dose–response relationship between ALAD activity in cells of Burkholderia gladioli and Pb (Pearson correlation coefficent = −0.665; r ² = 0.665, and p < 0.001). The strongest ALAD inhibition which was measured was 90% at Burkholderia gladioli when protein extracts were incubated with 750 μM of Pb. The relationship between Pb and ALAD activity was statistically described by [ALAD Activity] = 0.476−0.000597 × [Pb]. According to the obtained results, we suggest that the ALAD of Burkholderia gladioli can be used as a biomarker for lead contamination in the environment.     

二苯并噻吩降解菌筛选及16S rDNA序列分析

以DBT(dibenzothiophene,二苯并噻吩)为模型化合物,分离得到了一株能降解DBT的微生物HB2,应用HPLC对其脱硫特性进行了检测。应用PCR技术克隆到16SrDNA片段,核苷酸序列分析结果表明,该菌的16SrDNA全序列与假单胞菌存在98%的同源性,初步确定该菌在微生物系统发育学上的地位。     

一株反硝化菌的分离鉴定和系统发育分析

从反硝化反应器中分离到一株异养型兼氧反硝化细菌,命名为菌株JIN1,分离菌株为革兰氏染色阴性杆状。茵落颜色为乳白色。该菌株能以硝酸钠为唯一氮源进行反硝化作用并产生亚硝酸。部分长度的16SrDNA序列分析表明,分离菌株JIN1与Aquaspirillum菌具有99%相似,与Microvirgulaaerodenitrificans菌具有99%相似。其生化性状与Aquaspirillum菌不相符。系统发育学分析表明菌株JIN1与Microvirgulaaerodenitrificans菌关系最近。故确认菌株JIN1属Microvirgulaaerodenitrificans菌。     

Isolation, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a bacterial strain capable of degrading acetamiprid

An aerobic bacterium, capable of degrading the new chloronicotine pesticide acetamiprid, was isolated from the sludge of pesticide factory after successive enrichment cultures and named strain FH2 which is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, obligate aerobic org     

长江口滨岸潮滩无齿相手蟹体内重金属元素的时空分布及其在环境监测中的指示作用

对长江口滨岸带无齿相手蟹体内的重金属元素分析表明:无齿相手蟹体内的Zn、Cr、Ni三种元素季节分布的总体趋势是夏季>春季>秋季。无齿相手蟹对重金属元素的累积也存在着地点间的差异。青龙港、浒浦两地的无齿相手蟹对Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni的累积量都很高,东海农场和崇明东滩的无齿相手蟹对Zn的累积量较高。对无齿相手蟹、沉积物、悬浮颗粒物中的重金属含量分析表明,无齿相手蟹对重金属Cu有一定的富集能力,适于做长江口滨岸带Cu的指示生物。     

环境监测业务管理系统的设计与开发

以郑州市环境监测中心站监测业务流程为例,从技术路线、系统结构设计、系统功能分析和技术实现等方面分析并介绍了环境监测业务管理系统的特点和开发时需解决的技术问题。探讨了建立基于B/S结构、J2EE技术架构、创新的组件装配方式、Oracle9i数据库、中间件和多层体系结构等多项先进技术进行系统实现的设计方案。