功能化介孔材料SBA-16对水中碱性橙染料的去除

通过共浓缩法用正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)、3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷(TMMPS)作为硅源,聚醚F127和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMABr)作为模板剂合成SBA-16,随后将其磺酸基功能化.合成的材料用粉末X射线衍射、氮气吸附脱附和扫描电镜表征.结果表明,n(TEOS)∶n(TMMPS)为3～8时,合成的材料为介孔材料,当n(TEOS)∶n(TMMPS)为7时,该功能化的介孔材料对碱性橙染料的吸附能力最佳;通过不同的pH值下的实验表明,在pH为4～5时,该功能化的介孔材料的吸附能力最好.     

双酚A与其替代品对黑斑蛙急性毒性的比较

双酚F(BPF)和双酚S(BPS)作为双酚A(BPA)替代品广泛使用,然而有关BPF和BPS的毒性数据非常有限。采用系列浓度的BPA、BPF、BPS溶液,暴露黑斑蛙胚胎和蝌蚪96 h,通过半致死浓度(LC50)、最小生长抑制浓度(MCIG)和致畸率等指标比较3种化合物的急性毒性。结果显示:100 mg·L-1BPS未导致黑斑蛙胚胎及蝌蚪畸形和死亡。BPA和BPF对黑斑蛙胚胎的96h-LC50分别为7.68 mg·L-1和7.99 mg·L-1,MCIG分别为4.47 mg·L-1和4.77 mg·L-1,最大致畸率为33.33%;对蝌蚪的96 h-LC50分别为9.00 mg·L-1和9.52 mg·L-1。依据《化学农药环境安全评价准则》的毒性分级标准,判定BPA和BPF的毒性等级为中毒,BPS的毒性等级为低毒。表明BPF急性毒性与BPA相当,BPS急性毒性低于BPA。本研究数据可为BPF、BPS作为BPA替代品的生产和使用以及相应的环境管理提供毒理学参考。     

Characterization and catabolic genes detection of three oil-degrading Rhodococcus spp.北大核心CSCD

Oil pollution is one of the major factors causing environmental deterioration. Bioremediation of oil contaminated environments by microorganisms attracts much research attention. This study aimed to screen efficient oil-degrading bacteria from oil contaminated soil and analyze their characteristics and catabolic genes. Oil-degrading bacteria were screened from oil contaminated soil in minimal medium containing crude oil and identified by morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Their growth and degradation characteristics were studied with ultraviolet spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis. The surfactant production was studied by adopting culture method. The major oil-degrading related genes were detected by t he PCR a mplification. As a result, t hree oil-degrading bacteria strains named KB1, 2182 and JC3-47 were isolated from the oil contaminated soil samples. The strains could use crude oil as the sole carbon source to degrade oil with a degrading rate of 41.02%, 32.26% and 55.90%, respectively, when cultured in minimal medium containing crude oil for 3 days. The bacteria were identified to belong to genus Rhodococcus. With 100% similarity of 16S rDNA sequences of the three strains with known ones of Rhodococcus, KB1 was preliminarily identified as Rhodococcus erythropolis, 2182 as Rhodococcus equi, and JC3-47 as Rhodococcus qingshengii. They grew well at 10-50 °C, with the initial pH of 3-9 and the NaCl concentration of 0-5%. The optimal temperature for bacterial growth was 35 °C, 35 °C and 30 °C respectively. KB1 and 2182 could grow at pH 2 and 9.0% of NaCl. The bacteria grew well in broth containing different organic substrates as sole carbon source, such as n-dodecane, n-octadecane, benzene, methylbenzene, xylene and naphthaline. KB1 and JC3-47 could grow well in broth containing pyrene. GC-MS analysis revealed that the bacteria could effectively degrade medium- and long-chain alkane components in crude oil. The bacteria produced biosurfactants and decreased the surface tension of the culture broth. They also showed adhesion activities to n-hexadecane. The oil-degrading related genes such as alkane monooxygenase, aromatic-ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase and catechol dioxygenase genes were detected in all the three strains. Besides, biphenyl dioxygenase genes were detected in KB1 and 2182. The isolated Rhodococcus spp. strains could effectively degrade petroleum hydrocarbons with high adaptabilities to extreme environments such as high salt and low temperature. They are supposed to be applied broadly in the bioremediation of oil contaminated soil in such environments.     

Dynamics of bacterial community of Suillus granulatus mushroom shiro in Pine (Pinus tabuliformis) forests北大核心CSCD

To evaluate bacterial community variation in the mushroom shiro of Suillus granulatus during fruiting, we collected soil samples from the mushroom shiro in the pine (Pinus tabuliformis) forest of mountainous area in Beijing from May to November and evaluated the bacterial community using polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Total soil DNA was extracted using a commercial soil DNA isolation kit. PCR amplification and DGGE were performed using bacterial universal primers 338F and 518R. The specific bands were excised from the gel and sequenced. The results revealed that soil bacterial community maintained considerably high level and changed seasonally with the mushroom fruiting. In total, 53 bands of DGGE profiles were sequenced and divided into 5 phyla (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria and 22 genera (Acidobacterium, Aminobacter, et al). Species from Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacterial groups sharing considerably high relative abundance, while class a-Proteobacteria was the most abundant group. The variation of the relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria species was consistent with the mushroom fruiting season. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria species obviously increased before mushroom flush (in July). The fruiting of S. granulatus and the relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria were correlated with each other. The present study provided a basis for conservation and domestication of mushroom S. granulatus.     

Isolation,identification and desulfurization mechanism of a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium with salt tolerance北大核心CSCD

Micro-organism with efficient desulfurization performance is a key factor in the biological desulfurization technology. This study aimed to seek such a sulfur-oxidizing strain and understand its desulfurization mechanism. Wastewater in a sewage station of natural gas purification plant was used to screen the sulfide-oxidizing strain, and to identify it based on sequence similarity analysis of 16S rDNA and the morphological characteristics. Thiosulfate was used as substrate for investigating the sulfur oxidation performance and salinity tolerance; the OD600, content change of thiosulfate, sulfate, sulfur, pH and total alkalinity in the cultural system were also investigated. The strain DS-B was found to share the highest sequence similarity with Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanoxidans ARh2, therefore determined as Thioalkalivibrio. At the optimum temperature of 35 °C for growth and degradation, the removal efficiency of thiosulfate could reach 98.7% after 7 days. Strain DS-B had strong resistance to thiosulfate, and the optimal concentration of S2O32- was 2 × 104 mg/L. The analysis for sulfur oxides showed that it could oxidize thiosulfate by the pathway of S2O32-→SO42- / S2O32- → S → SO42-. Therefore the strain DS-B is a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium with great application prospect for its strong salt tolerance and conspicuous removal capability for thiosulfate.     

基于3S技术的景观格局指数空间尺度效应变化研究

本文在阐述景观格局指数空间尺度效应重要意义及3S技术特点的基础上,以四川省木里县梭罗沟金矿矿区为研究区,介绍了3S技术在不同空间尺度提取景观格局指数的技术要求、数据收集和工作流程,并对研究区不同空间尺度景观格局指数的提取结果进行了效应分析,将各景观格局指数随空间尺度表现出不同变化趋势划分为五种类型,确定了该研究区域景观格局分析的最适宜空间尺度为1.0 m~5.0 m。景观格局指数空间尺度效应分析研究,有利于揭示景观格局与尺度效应相互作用的机理,进而对景观格局的尺度推演的方向、过程进行模拟、预测、分析和评价等研究提供重要的科学参考,并对遥感数据和地理信息系统的正确使用具有重要的科学意义。     

1株耐冷兼性嗜碱好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及反硝化特性

以传统微生物富集分离方法,从垃圾渗滤液活性污泥中筛选到1株高效好氧反硝化菌,通过形态观察、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,对菌株进行了鉴定,同时对其好氧反硝化特性和异养硝化功能进行了研究.结果表明,筛选到的好氧反硝化菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),命名为GL19,GenBank登录号为(KC710974).碳源、C/N、pH及温度对菌株反硝化活性影响较大.在柠檬酸钠为碳源、C/N不低于15、pH 6~10、溶解氧(DO)4.8~7.7 mg·L-1及温度为15~34℃,硝酸盐氮负荷为140 mg·L-1的条件下,硝酸盐去除率均达100%,总氮(TN)平均去除率为96.5%,最终无亚硝酸盐积累;菌株能以亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮为底物进行高效脱氮,20 h内可将140 mg·L-1的亚硝酸盐氮完全去除,28 h内可将280 mg·L-1的氨氮降至3.11 mg·L-1,氨氮去除率达98.9%.显示该菌具有耐冷、高效脱氮特性,可实现同步硝化反硝化,这对南方地区冬季废水处理具有潜在应用价值.     

转Cry1Ac基因抗虫棉与其亲本棉花根际真菌多样性的比较

在温室条件下,利用PCR-DGGE技术和Q-PCR技术分析了两种转Cry1Ac基因抗虫棉及其亲本棉花在不同取样时期的根际真菌多样性和生物量的动态变化情况,以评价其生态安全.结果表明,转Bt基因棉与对照棉根际真菌优势条带组成在不同的取样时期极为相似,三者间差异条带多为不清晰的条带.转Bt棉SGK321根际真菌的生物量在苗期明显低于亲本对照,转Bt棉XP188根际真菌的生物量在花铃期较对照有轻微降低,其它时期两种转Bt棉根际真菌生物量没有显著降低,甚至还有增加的趋势.不过根际真菌群落结构的改变和生物量的差异不仅存在于转基因棉和其亲本对照棉之间,它同样存在于对照棉SHIYUAN321和JM20之间以及转基因棉SGK321和XP188之间.可见Bt并不是造成转基因棉和非转基因棉根际真菌群落结构差异、多样性改变和生物量减少的唯一诱因,品种的不同也对它们也有影响.     

Characterization of a salt-tolerant bacterium Bacillus sp. from a membrane bioreactor for saline wastewater treatment

High salt concentrations can cause plasmolysis and loss of activity of cells, but the salt-torlerant bacterium can endure the high salt concentrations in wastewater. In this research 7 salt-torlerant bacteria, which could survive in dry powder products and could degrade organic contaminants in saline wastewater, were isolated from a membrane bioreactor. The strain NY6 which showed the fastest growth rate, best property for organic matter degradation and could survive in dry powder more than 3 months was selected and characterized. It was classified as Bacillus aerius based on the analysis of the morphological and physiological properties as well as the 16 S rRNA sequence and Neigh borjoining tree. The strain NY6 could survive in the salinity up to 6% and the optimal growth salinity is2%; it belongs to a slightly halophilic bacterium. The capability of its dry powder products for COD removal was 800 mg COD/(g·day) in synthesized saline wastewater with salinity of 2%. According to salt-tolerant mechanism research, when the salinity was below 2%, the stain NY6 absorbed K+and Na+to maintain osmotic equilibrium, and when the salinity was above 2%, the NY6 kept its life by producing a large amount of spores.     

硫氧同位素示踪南京北郊大气PM2.5中硫酸盐来源

采用EA-IRMS联用技术对2014年1月南京北郊大气细粒子(PM2.5)中硫酸盐的硫和氧同位素组成进行了分析,结合大气颗粒物化学组成,追溯南京北郊大气PM2.5中硫酸盐的来源,并评估了各污染源的贡献率.结果表明,2014年1月南京北郊硫酸盐气溶胶的硫同位素组成(δ34S)范围为2.7‰~6.4‰,平均值为5.0‰±0.9‰(n=16);氧同位素组成(δ18O)值范围为10.6‰~16.1‰,平均值为12.5‰±1.37‰(n=16).通过气溶胶与可能污染源的δ34S值对比和后向轨迹分析,得出结论:研究区域大气中硫同位素组成主要受当地燃煤中硫的影响,其次是远距离传输硫.此外,有低δ34S值硫源存在,但贡献比较小,可能来自生物成因硫.绝对主因子分析结果显示:人为成因硫和远距离传输硫贡献率分别为46.74%和31.54%.