湖泊沉积物中硫的地球化学循环机制研究

湖泊沉积物中的硫是控制氧化还原体系的重要元素之一。湖泊硫酸盐还原作用主要发生在沉积物表层几厘米范围内,界面硫酸盐还原具有双重环境效应。硫酸盐还原主要形成黄铁矿和有机硫,黄铁矿的生成要受到沉积物中硫酸盐、有机质以及铁氧化物活性的控制。单硫化物不稳定,并且会影响沉积物中重金属的迁移。     

碱性气体对鼠卵营养液M16和M2pH的影响

为了考察原核显微注射法制备转基因小鼠过程中Ｍ１６和Ｍ２鼠卵营养液的ＰＨ的影响因素,测定了不同存放条件下的Ｍ２和Ｍ１６营养液的ＰＨ,结果发现,Ｍ２ 完全开放的空气环境中放置７ｈ,ＰＨ升高２．６％（Ｐ〈０．００１）,在半封闭的实验环境中放置４ｄ,ＰＨ升高３．７％（Ｐ〈０．００１）;Ｍ１６在相对密闭的条件下放置７ｄ和１５ｄ,ＰＨ分别升高４．５％（Ｐ〈０．００１）和６．４％（Ｐ〈０．００１）,在半封闭的实     

植物细胞色素P450酶系的研究进展及其与外来物质的关系

植物细胞色素P45 0是分子量为 40— 60KD、结构类似的一类血红素 硫铁蛋白。它以可溶性和膜结合两种形态存在于植物细胞内 ,可催化多种化学反应 ,在防御植物免受有害物质侵害方面具有重要作用。目前已克隆 90多个植物细胞色素P45 0基因。本文概述了植物P45 0基因表达调控与环境、发育、组织特异性关系的研究进展。认为植物P45 0同工酶在环境毒物生物修复和在抗外源毒素的转基因植物方面具有很高的应用前景     

Culturable actinobacteria isolated from marine sponge <Emphasis Type="Italic">Iotrochota</Emphasis> sp.

The study describes the diversity of actinobacteria isolated from the marine sponge Iotrochota sp. collected in the South China Sea. Species and natural product diversity of isolates were analyzed, including screening for genes encoding polyketide synthases (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), and 16S rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). PKS and NRPS sequences were detected in more than half of the isolates and the different “PKS-I–PKS-II–NRPS” combinations in different isolates belonging to the same species indicated a potential natural product diversity and divergent genetic evolution. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the isolates belonged to genera Streptomyces, Cellulosimicrobium, and Nocardiopsis. The majority of the strains tested belonged to the genus Streptomyces and one of them may be a new species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bacterium classified as Cellulosimicrobium sp. isolated from a marine sponge. Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-recourses Sustainable Utilization (LMB-CAS), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica (LMMM-GD), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, People’s Republic of China.     

复合生物滤池处理H2S和NH3的研究:生物相机理分析

采用天然斜发沸石和木屑作为复合生物滤池(生物滴滤池+生物过滤池)的填料,研究了该工艺处理含H₂S和NH₃混合恶臭气体的生物相机理.结果表明:生物滴滤池中形成了由细菌、藻类及原生动物组成的复杂生态系统,而生物过滤池中真菌为优势微生物.生物滴滤池的下层优势菌种主要为葡萄球菌属和球形芽孢杆菌等细菌,中层主要为梨形四膜虫属和肾形虫属,上层主要为钟虫和舟形藻属;生物过滤池优势菌种主要是聚多曲霉菌种.据对复合生物滤池的生物相机理探讨推论,生物滴滤池去除H₂S和NH₃机理主要是生物链的分级捕食和沸石的吸附-生物再生机理;生物过滤池去除H₂S和NH₃机理主要是真菌降解.因此,通过控制生物滴滤池和生物过滤池处于不同的环境条件,可使复合生物滤池能高效地同时处理H₂S和NH₃组成的混合恶臭气体.      

The impact on tropospheric ozone formation on the implementation of a program for mobile emissions control: a case study in São Paulo,Brazil

The main sources of reactive hydrocarbons (RHC) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x), ozone precursors, in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) in the southeast of Brazil are emissions from vehicles fleets. Ambient surface ozone and particulate matter concentrations are air quality problem in the MASP. This study examined the impact that implementing a control program for mobile emissions has on ozone concentrations, An episode of high surface ozone concentrations occurring in the MASP during the March 13–15, 2000 period was used as a case study that was modeled for photochemical oxidants using the California Institute of Technology/Carnegie Mellon University three-dimensional photochemical model. Different scenarios were analyzed in relationship to the implementation of the Programa Nacional de Controle de Poluição por Veículos Automotores (PROCONVE, National Program to Control Motor Vehicle Pollution). Scenario 1 assumed that all vehicles were operating within PROCONVE guidelines. Scenarios 2 and 3 considered hypothetical situations in which the PROCONVE was not implemented. Scenario 2 set the premise that vehicles were using pre-1989 technology, whereas scenario 3 allowed for technological advances. A base case scenario, in which the official emission inventory for the year 2000 was employed, was also analyzed. The CIT model results show agreement with most measurements collected during 13–15 March 2000 modeling episode. Mean normalized bias for ozone, CO, RHC and NO _x are approximately 9.0, 6.0, ?8.3, 13.0%, respectively. Tropospheric ozone concentrations predicted for scenario 2 were higher than those predicted for scenarios 1, 3 and base case. This study makes a significant contribution to the evaluation of air quality improvement and provides data for use in evaluating the economic costs of implementing a program of motor vehicle pollution control aimed at protecting human health.     

发展阻燃型HIPS纳米复合材料的研究

本文运用一步熔融共混法制备了含有十溴联苯醚（DBDPO）或十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）和C16改性蒙脱土（MMT）的高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）复合材料,并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、UL 94垂直燃烧和锥型量热等试验手段对其燃烧性能和相态进行了表征.结果标明,DBDPO/E存在时仍可获得具有插层结构的HIPS纳米复合材料.由于十溴和蒙脱土两种体系间的良好协同效应,这些材料的阻燃性提高、燃烧后的热释放速率下降.文中对其潜在机理进行了探讨.这种协同效应可用于指导发展环保性和阻燃性兼顾的HIPS纳米复合材料.     

基于甲烷氧化菌的城镇污水厂尾水极限脱氮系统构建及机制

好氧甲烷耦合反硝化（AME-D）在城镇污水厂尾水深度脱氮方面具有巨大的应用潜力,研究采用改良型反硝化生物滤池,利用低浓度甲烷构建出AME-D极限脱氮系统.研究发现该系统在间歇式运行方式下,出水中总氮和氨氮的平均浓度能达到1.05 mg·L^-1和0.54 mg·L^-1,其平均去除率分别为94.77%和93.30%.拉曼光谱分析结果显示,由NO₃^-对称伸缩引起的峰明显消失,由醇COH面外弯曲或C—H面外弯曲振动吸收引起峰明显增强,甲烷被氧化形成的中间产物可能主要为醇类物质.16S rRNA基因测序结果表明,系统中的甲烷氧化菌主要为Methylocystis（0.27%）、Methylosarcina（0.10%）和Methyloparacoccus（0.12%）,反硝化菌主要为Pseudomonas（56.92%）、Paenibacillus（3.52%）和Lysinibacillus（3.00%）,硝化菌主要为Nitrospira（0.1%）,说明AME-D极限脱氮系统的脱氮功能是由好氧甲烷氧化菌、反硝化菌和硝化菌协同实现.     

环境信息数字图书馆系统构建研究

文章简要叙述了建立环境信息数字图书馆的意义及其在黑龙江省环境信息化推进过程中的地位与作用,叙述了数字图书馆的发展概况及基本技术体系,比较了国际和国内数字图书馆的发展历程。结合环保行业自身的特点和目前环保信息化所处的阶段,论证了黑龙江省环境信息数字图书馆建立的可行性。概述了黑龙江省环境信息数字图书馆的建设原则,总体目标,概括了黑龙江省环境信息数字图书馆的总体构成,并提出黑龙江省环境信息数字图书馆的建设构想。     

Abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in response to various habitats in Pearl River Delta of China, a subtropical maritime zone

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are widely considered key to ammonia oxidation in various environments. However, little work has been conducted to simultaneously investigate the abundance and diversity of AOA as well as correlations between archaeal amoA genotypes and environmental parameters of different ecosystems at one district. To understand the abundance, diversity, and distribution of AOA in Pearl River Delta of China in response to various habitats, the archaeal amoA genes in soil, marine, river, lake, hot spring and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) samples were investigated using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and clone libraries. Our analyses indicated that the diversity of AOA in various habitats was different and could be clustered into five major clades, i.e., estuary sediment, marine water/sediment, soil, hot spring and Cluster 1. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the structure of AOA communities in similar ecological habitats exhibited strong relation. The canonical correspondence method indicated that the AOA community structure was strongly correlated to temperature, pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and dissolved oxygen variables. Assessing AOA amoA gene copy numbers, ranging from 6.84×10⁶ to 9.45×10⁷ copies/g in dry soil/sediment, and 6.06×10⁶ to 2.41×10⁷ copies/L in water samples, were higher than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by 1-2 orders of magnitude. However, AOA amoA copy numbers were much lower than AOB in WWTP activated sludge samples. Overall, these studies suggested that AOA may be a major contributor to ammonia oxidation in natural habitats but play a minor role in highly aerated activated sludge. The result also showed the ratio of AOA to AOB amoA gene abundance was positively correlated with temperature and less correlated with other environmental parameters. New data from our study provide increasing evidence for the relative abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in the global nitrogen cycle.