Ferric-manganese doped sulphated zirconia nanoparticles catalyst for single-step biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: Characterization and optimization

Biodiesel of waste cooking oil origin is gaining attention as a replacement for current fossil fuels, as its low-priced, recycled feedstock shall prevent food source competition, which is estimated to happen with current biodiesel production processes. As a result, waste cooking oil has been claimed to be a highly potential feedstock for biodiesel production. In the present research work, Fe-Mn doped sulphated zirconia catalyst was synthesized and used in simultaneous esterification and transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel synthesis. The catalyst was prepared through the impregnation method and characterized by using XRD, TPD-NH_3, FT-IR, BET, and TEM. Response surface methodology (RSM) in conjunction with the central composite design (CCD) was applied to statistically evaluate and optimize the biodiesel preparation process. It was found that the synthesis of biodiesel achieved an optimum level of 97.2% waste cooking oil methyl ester’s (WCOME’s) yield at the following reaction conditions: methanol/oil molar ratio: 10:1, catalyst concentration: 3.0 wt %, and reaction temperature: 160 °C. The extremely high WCOME’s yield of 97.2% was proved to be due to high acidity, surface area, and large pore diameter; reactants can easily diffuse into the interior pore of the catalyst and allow them to be in contact with active sites that enhance catalytic activity.     

Austal 2000应用于国内“烟塔合一”类项目大气影响评价

简述了德国"烟塔合一"类大气污染扩散模式,以及相关模式Austal 2000的应用方法,修正了气象参数以适合本地化应用。以天津某电厂为实例,将Austal 2000模式"烟塔合一"和烟囱排烟方式的计算结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,在进行本地化修改后,Austal 2000模式适用于国内有关项目大气预测评价,但从环境影响角度考虑,"烟塔合一"相对于高烟囱排放方式没有明显优势,应用时需慎重。     

新疆工业企业数据库管理系统软件的设计与开发

采用C/S架构数据库方案,设计并开发了新疆工业企业数据库管理系统。该系统不仅具有数据录入、修改、查询、保存等基本功能,还能够实现数据分拣功能,与排污费征收管理系统及"十二五"环境统计系统进行数据对接,避免了大量数据的重复录入,大大提高了工作效率。     

Human drivers,biophysical changes,and climatic variation affecting contemporary cropping proportions in the northern prairie of the U.S

Grassland to cropland conversion in the northern prairie of the United States has been a topic of recent land use change studies. Within this region more corn and soybeans are grown now (2017) than in the past, but most studies to date have not examined multi-decadal trends and the synergistic web of socio-ecological driving forces involved, opting instead for short-term analyses and easily targeted agents of change. This paper examines the coalescing of biophysical and socioeconomic driving forces that have brought change to the agricultural landscape of this region between 1980 and 2013. While land conversion has occurred, most of the region’s cropland in 2013 had been previously cropped by the early 1980s. Furthermore, the agricultural conditions in which crops were grown during those three decades have changed considerably because of non-biophysical alterations to production practices and changing agricultural markets. Findings revealed that human drivers played more of a role in crop change than biophysical changes, that blending quantitative and qualitative methods to tell a more complete story of crop change in this region was difficult because of the synergistic characteristics of the drivers involved, and that more research is needed to understand how farmers make crop choice decisions.     

一株多菌灵降解菌NY97-1的分子鉴定及GFP标记

用PCR方法扩增的多菌灵降解菌NY97-1的16SrDNA片段经TA克隆后,进行序列测定和BLAST同源序列比较分析,确定了其分类地位为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacilluspumilus,B.p).经BamHⅠ酶切的启动子探针载体pUC19-gfp与NY97-1基因组DNA的Sau3AⅠ酶切片段酶连,酶连产物转化E.coliDH5a,建立B.p的启动子基因文库.挑选其中的两个强阳性克隆,亚克隆来自短小芽孢杆菌总基因组的启动子活性片段F4、F5,构建大肠杆菌-短小芽孢杆菌穿梭表达载体pNW33N-F4-gfp、pNW33N-F5-gfp.通过电转化得到gfp在B.p中的两株标记菌株.在荧光显微镜下,观察到了明亮的绿色荧光,证明活性片段F4、F5均具有组成型启动子的功能,实现了gfp基因在B.p中组成型表达,且遗传稳定,为今后研究多菌灵降解菌B.p在自然环境中的定殖、分布及动态变化打下了基础.图3表2参20     

石油钻井过程硫化氢污染和化学控制技术的研究与发展

根据硫化学的基础理论,分析和探讨了石油钻井过程硫化氢污染产生原因和化学控制原理,评述了硫化氢化学控制技术的研究与发展状况     

高通量测序技术应用于污水处理厂细菌气溶胶群落结构分析

由于污水及其处理设施中细菌气溶胶的逸散作用,导致污水处理厂细菌气溶胶的群落结构较为复杂,因此,选择适宜的采样和分析方法对其多样性的认识和风险评估具有重要意义.本研究以某城市污水厂为研究对象,采用"总悬浮颗粒物采样器+高通量测序技术"分别对污水处理全过程进行细菌气溶胶的收集与分析;作为对照,采用"Andersen六级采样器+克隆文库技术"进行同步采样和分析.结果表明,前者对各采样点气溶胶中细菌的多样性、总体群落组成、优势群落的解析均明显优于后者,分析更简便快捷,数据更全面、更接近其真实的分布状态.本研究结果可为污水处理厂细菌气溶胶的采样和分析方法的选择提供科学依据.     

Eubacteria and Archaea community of simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification granular sludge

Based on the successful performance of a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor with the capacity of simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification (SMD), the specific phylogenetic groups and community structure of microbes in the SMD granule in the UASB reactor were investigated by the construction of the Eubacteria and Archaea 16S rDNA clone libraries, fragment length polymorphism, and sequence blast. Real time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RTQ-PCR) technique was used to quantify the contents of Eubacteria and Archaea in the SMD granule. The contents of some special predominant methanogens were also investigated. The results indicated that the Methanosaeta and Methanobacteria were the predominant methanogens in all Archaea in the SMD granule, with contents of 71. 59% and 22. 73% in all 88 random Archaea clones, respectively. The diversity of Eubacteria was much more complex than that of Archaea. The low GC positive gram bacteria and Б-Protebacteria were the main predominant Eubacteria species in SMD granule, their contents were 49. 62% and 12. 03% in all 133 random Eubacteria clones respectively. The results of RTQ-PCR indicated that the content of Archaea was less than Eubacteria, the Archaea content in total microorganisms in SMD granule was about 27. 6%.     

啤酒废水处理系统高效菌株的分离筛选与分析

从啤酒废水处理系统SBR池中取得的水样,分离纯化得到菌株35株,分别以进站原水和水解酸化池出水作为污水培养基,进行COD降解试验,复筛后分别得到3株COD降解率高且降解效果稳定的细菌12#,15#,23#与15#,25#,31#。将高效菌株与SBR池的活性污泥混合,考察其对啤酒废水的处理效果,结果表明,23#与活性污泥交互作用时在原水污水培养基中摇床培养16h COD降解率达到75.13%;25#与活性污泥交互作用处理水解酸化池出水120h时降解率达到82.40%。对4株高效菌株15#,23#,25#,31#进行16S rDNA序列测定,将所得序列与GenBank中已登录的相近细菌种群的DNA序列对比,得到高度同源性的细菌菌种。     

RFLP技术在湖泊微生物多样性研究中的应用

文章介绍了一种不依赖于传统培养方法的限制性酶切片段长度多态性技术(RFLP),在湖泊微生物多样性研究中的应用、及其优缺点,并针对湖泊微生物基因组DNA的提取方法和16SrDNA片段的PCR优化条件等方面进行了探讨。