五溴联苯醚-镉胁迫下蚯蚓抗氧化防御反应

文章采用自然土壤染毒法,研究了Cd2+和DE-71对蚯蚓体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。结果表明,两种污染物对蚯蚓的三种酶活性均产生一定的影响,DE-71主要表现为诱导效应,而高浓度的Cd2+则会产生抑制作用,SOD和CAT较POD敏感,对环境污染有很好的指示作用。Cd2+和DE-71复合染毒对抗氧化防御系统产生一定的联合毒性效应,SOD主要由协同转变为拮抗作用;以CAT指示的联合效应则受DE-71染毒浓度的影响,当Cd2+与10和100mg/kg(干重)DE-71复合时,联合毒性作用由协同转变为拮抗,而与400mg/kg(干重)DE-71复合时则呈现协同作用;POD指标下两种污染物间则表现为拮抗作用。总体来说Cd2+与DE-71对蚯蚓的抗氧化防御反应主要表现为拮抗效应。     

COD/TP比及NO_2~--N/TP对短程反硝化聚磷的影响

污水中COD/TP比和NO2--N/TP比对A/A/OSBR反硝化聚磷工艺运行有重要的影响。实验结果表明:随着COD/TP比值的增加,厌氧释磷增加、厌氧释磷速率提高。但当COD/TP比值为28.5时,过剩的碳源进入缺氧段,反硝化菌利用外碳源消耗,抑制了缺氧吸磷过程;当COD/TP比值为21时,合成的PHB不足,缺氧吸磷效率下降,而且长期在较低COD/TP比条件下运行,激发了聚糖菌与聚磷菌的竞争,聚磷菌处于竞争的劣势,反硝化聚磷能力最终消失;当COD/PO43--P为25时,短程反硝化聚磷效果最佳。NO2--N/TP比与COD/TP的比值相关联,在COD/TP=25的条件下,合适的NO2--N/TP比为3。当NO2--N/PO43--P为5时,SBR上一周期剩余的NO2-会影响厌氧释磷过程。当NO2--N/TP为1.8时,NO2-不足,会使反硝化聚磷过程不完全。     

H2O2对循环半干法烟气脱硫效率的影响分析

通过循环半干法烟气脱硫技术在某热电厂130t／h机组上的应用,分析了H2O2对循环半干法烟气脱硫效率的影响。结果表明：对于循环半干法烟气脱硫,在脱硫剂中添加少量的氧化性物质H2O2,控制H2O2水溶液浓度为1％左右增湿脱硫剂,在合适的运行条件下．当Ca／S（mol／m01）=1．1左右时,可以达到90％以上的脱硫效率。     

钙基CO2吸收剂循环特性影响因素分析

利用小型固定床反应器研究了循环煅烧/碳酸化过程中,煅烧温度、煅烧气氛、碳酸化温度、压力等对钙基CO2吸收剂循环特性的影响,确定了影响钙基CO2吸收剂循环特性的主要因素。结果表明:随循环次数的增加,吸收剂的转化率明显下降,循环10次后,其基本都下降到20%左右;煅烧温度是影响吸收剂循环特性最重要的因素;煅烧气氛中存在CO2对吸收剂活性保持不利;吸收压力和温度也对吸收剂的循环特性有一定影响,较高的吸收压力和吸收温度有利于吸收剂转化。     

Characteristics and recent trends of sulfur dioxide at urban, rural, and background sites in North China: Effectiveness of control measures

SO₂ measurements made in recent years at sites in Beijing and its surrounding areas are performed to study the variations and trends of surface SO₂ at different types of sites in Northern China. The overall average concentrations of SO₂ are (16.8 ± 13.1) ppb, (14.8 ± 9.4) ppb, and (7.5 ± 4.0) ppb at China Meteorological Administration (CMA, Beijing urban area), Gucheng (GCH, relatively polluted rural area, 110 km to the southwest of Beijing urban area), and Shangdianzi (SDZ, clean background area, 100 km to the northeast of Beijing urban area), respectively. The SO₂ levels in winter (heating season) are 4-6 folds higher than those in summer. There are highly significant correlations among the daily means of SO₂ at different sites, indicating regional characteristics of SO₂ pollution. Diurnal patterns of surface SO₂ at all sites have a common feature with a daytime peak, which is probably caused by the downward mixing and/or the advection transport of SO₂-richer air over the North China Plain. The concentrations of SO₂ at CMA and GCH show highly significant downward trends (-4.4 ppb/yr for CMA and -2.4 ppb/yr for GCH), while a less significant trend (-0.3 ppb/yr) is identified in the data from SDZ, reflecting the character of SDZ as a regional atmospheric background site in North China. The SO₂ concentrations of all three sites show a significant decrease from period before to after the control measures for the 2008 Olympic Games, suggesting that the SO₂ pollution control has long-term effectiveness and benefits. In the post-Olympics period, the mean concentrations of SO₂ at CMA, GCH, and SDZ are (14.3 ± 11.0) ppb, (12.1 ± 7.7) ppb, and (7.5 ± 4.0) ppb, respectively, with reductions of 26%, 36%, and 13%, respectively, compared to the levels before. Detailed analysis shows that the differences of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction were not the dominant factors for the significant differences of SO₂ between the pre-Olympics and post-Olympics periods. By extracting the data being more representative of local or regional characteristics, a reduction of up to 40% for SO₂ in polluted areas and a reduction of 20% for regional SO₂ are obtained for the effect of control measures implemented for the Olympic Games.     

建筑陶瓷碳计量与优化模型研究

采用投入产出分析方法和目标规划方法,以某建陶企业为代表,建立了建筑陶瓷产业投入产出模型及低碳优化模型,利用投入产出模型计量和预估了建筑陶瓷产业关键环节碳排放和产品碳足迹;应用低碳优化模型对建筑陶瓷企业的产品计划进行了低碳优化.结果表明,建筑陶瓷企业年二氧化碳排放量达182 543.9 t,单位产品碳排放量多于国外先进水平10%以上;影响建筑陶瓷产业二氧化碳排放的关键环节为烧成和喷雾干燥过程,烧成和喷雾干燥过程排放的二氧化碳占总排放的80%以上;3种建筑陶瓷产品中,坯砖、抛光砖、釉面砖的万平米产量碳足迹依次为150.2、168.0、159.6 t.建筑陶瓷企业经低碳模型优化后可以在保证同样利润的同时降低5.4%的碳排放,也可以在保证碳排放相同的条件下使利润提高5.6%.     

MWNTs/TiO2对典型氯苯类化合物的光催化降解研究

研究复合光催化剂MWNTs/TiO2对典型氯苯类有机化合物光催化降解动力学及主要光降解路径.结果表明,同一初始浓度和相同光催化降解实验条件下,60min时典型氯苯类有机化合物的光降解率均达到90%以上.其中六氯苯和五氯苯的光催化降解速率常数分别为0.0664h-1和0.0670h-1,其大小明显高于其它氯苯类化合物.1,二氯苯的光催化降解反应速率常数仅为0.0430h4--1,在典型氯苯类化合物中最小.三氯苯的3种同分异构体——1,3-三氯苯、24-三氯苯和1,5-三氯苯的光催化降解速率常数分别为0.0547h2,1,,3,-1、0445h0.-1和0.0439h-1.六氯苯的主要光催化降解路径为:HCB→PeCB→1,2,3,5-TeCB→1,2,4-TCB→1,4-DCB.     

施用不同尿素对稻季不同层次土壤溶液中氮形态的影响

在太湖地区乌栅土上,利用大型原状土柱比较研究了不同尿素品种、施肥量(0、普通尿素150、300和包膜尿素100、150 kg·hm-2,以N计算)处理对稻季不同层次(30、65、80 cm)土壤氮素动态变化的影响.结果表明:所有处理渗漏水中NO3--N质量浓度均低于饮用水标准,常规施肥未显著增加氮的淋溶损失;各处理在不同层次土壤均发生反硝化作用;包膜尿素促进土壤反硝化强度,在65 cm和80 cm处尤为明显.施用包膜尿素可能增强浅层地下水的反硝化作用而降低水体NO3--N质量浓度.其影响机理及在对其它类型土壤上氮素淋失和反硝化的影响,值得进一步研究.     

金鱼藻对Cu2+的生物吸附特征

研究了沉水植物金鱼藻对Cu2 的吸附动力学及热力学特征.结果表明,金鱼藻对Cu2 的吸附在20min内达到平衡,吸附动力学的实验结果符合伪二级动力学方程,其相关系数达到0.9937,表明该吸附为多种反应同时作用的复杂过程.用Langmuir和Freundlich2种吸附等温式拟合吸附热力学的实验结果表明,以Langmuir模型拟合效果更好,相关系数为0.9977,其最大吸附量为7.79mg/g.在解吸实验中,各浓度组的解吸率均在1%以下,表明金鱼藻对Cu2 的吸持作用较强.     

Anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes in a single-phased anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(ASBR) with gas-phased absorb of CO2

IntroductionThereisanever increasingquantityofkitchenwasteswiththeincreasingpopulationandlivingconditionsinChina .Kitchenwasteshaveahighproportionof 5 0 %— 70 %amongmunicipalsolidwastes.TakingthecityofShanghaiforexample,thegenerationofkitchenwastesamount…